对保山市隆阳区西山片生态环境承载力的分析与探讨

通过对隆阳区西山片生态环境承载力的分析与探讨,提出西山片环境容量,找出西山片贫困的根源,为下一步西山片生态环境的治理提出方案,从而实现环境、经济、社会协调发展的目的.     

土地经营规模系统分析

通过对中国农户土地经营规模现状、特点及其对农业生产影响的分析,研究了中国推进农户土地适度规模经营的具体措施.     

建国后中国农地产权制度的历史考察与现实启示

农地产权制度是指人们在利用农村土地时所受的人为制约,是人们占有和使用农村土地的行为规范.对基于制度变迁理论及建国后中国农地产权制度变迁进行历史考察,寻找出对我国农地产权制度改革有所裨益的启示,以利于设计出具有现实可行性的农地产权制度创新方案.     

户籍制度改革背景下农村土地制度的变革——湖北省监利县若干调查实例的分析

户籍制度与土地制度是紧密关联的,二者呈现出互动性。在人口流动和户籍改革的背景下,农村的土地纠纷越来越多。之所以会造成这种现象,是因为当下以户籍制度为基础构建的农村土地制度越来越不能适应日益增多的人、户口和土地分离和转化的现实。要从根本上解决这些问题必须创新农村土地制度。     

In the eye of the beholder: The relationship between perceived peer language skills,provided peer feedback and peer grading in secondary education

Students involved in peer assessment have interpersonal relationships, partly consisting of reciprocal perceptions. In the domain of argumentative writing, little is known about the way peer assessment is affected by the assessor’s perception of the assessee’s language skills. Dutch 10th grade students (N = 176, age = 15–16) provided feedback and grades on two texts, being under the illusion that the texts had been written by two classmates whom the assessors perceived as a peer with either stronger or weaker language skills than their own (within-subjects design). In reality, students assessed similar texts, created by the researchers. Assessors did not provide different feedback to the two types of assessees. Simultaneously, they provided higher grades to peers perceived to have stronger language skills than their own than to peers perceived to have weaker language skills than their own. Future research should capture assessors’ rationale behind the composition of feedback and grades.     

晚清田赋负担水平若干问题的考察

晚清时期，政府统计的田赋收入由约0．3亿两渐增至0．5亿两，而实际征收的田赋估计要增加1倍。与此同时，由于物价上涨等因素，农业产值也有明显的增长，清末实际征收的田赋额尚不到农业产值的3％。从这一角度看，田赋负担处在一个较低的水平。但由于耕地占有不均，大量的农业剩余为封建地主所有。此外，由于人均耕地面积明显减少和人均农业产出的下降，晚清田赋实际负担水平较清代前期有较大幅度下降的观点并不成立。     

论主导工业部门在现代化初期的重要作用

任何一个处于传统农业社会阶段的国家，其经济发展进程都呈现出明显的“人地”循环圈现象。任何过渡到工业社会的国家，都必须充分利用其天赋自然资源优势，建立起主导工业部门为龙头的近代经济体系，吸纳过剩的农耕人口，把劳动密集型农业改造成资本密集型农业，并及时促成劳动密集型工业向资本密集型工业转化，从而实现现代化的转型。而纺织工业则由于一系列的鲜明特点而成为现代化初期的主导工业部门。     

Sticky assessments – the impact of teachers’ grading standard on pupils’ school performance

This paper argues that school grades cannot be interpreted solely as a reward for a given school performance, since they also reflect teachers’ assessments of pupils. A teacher’s evaluation of a pupil’s performance, as reflected in the grade awarded, might influence the effort that the pupil invests in learning. Grades might therefore serve as sticky assessments, affecting pupils’ later school performance. Getting discounted grades in year 6 for a given level of maths performance assessed using a PISA-like test has a positive effect on maths test scores in year 8 of elementary education, and also influences later outcomes in secondary education. The empirical analysis tries to minimise the possible bias caused by measurement error in year 6 test scores (unmeasured ability) and employs classroom fixed-effect instrumental variable (IV) regression and difference-in-difference models. The empirical analysis is based on a unique Hungarian individual-level panel data-set containing two observations about the same individual – one in year 6 (12/13 years old) and the other two years later, in year 8 (14/15 years old) of elementary education. The data for three entire school cohorts is analysed – approximately 140,000 individuals.     

加入WTO与农地承包经营权的流转

WTO法律框架下农业协议的要求及我国政府所作的承诺，对我国的农业发展提出了严峻的挑战。从发展农业生产力对农业的规模化，产业化经营提出的要求出发，应加速承包经营权的流转，与此相适应，必须使承包经营权物权化。     

农村土地所有权引发的问题及对策

我国现行各种法律、法规对农村土地都规定为集体所有。农村土地的集体所有在实践中产生一系列问题:农村土地集体所有与《农村土地承包法》立法本意相抵触,土地承包的稳定和“经济组织”固有的动态性相矛盾,农民和“集体”之间关系不清,限制了土地流转的范围。实行农村土地国有化,赋予农民长期经营权是现有制度上最为现实的选择。