Results of an assessment to identify potential barriers to sustainable agriculture on American Indian reservations in the Western United States

Purpose: This paper reports the results of survey research conducted with tribal producers between 2011 and 2012 on 19 of the largest American Indian reservations in Idaho, Nevada, North Dakota, Oregon, South Dakota, and Washington. The purpose of the research was to identify potential barriers to sustainable agriculture on reservation lands. This article reports the results of this research in an effort to promote Extension professionals' understanding of these barriers, which may help to improve outreach programs on American Indian reservations. Understanding the obstacles to sustaining agriculture that American Indian tribes face may inform international agricultural outreach efforts to increase food security targeting indigenous and tribal peoples worldwide.

Design/Methodology/Approach: American Indian agricultural producers comprised the study group. Study objectives included: (1) identify agricultural and natural resource issues of greatest concern to a self-selected sample of tribal agricultural producers on reservation lands; (2) evaluate access to Extension and other US Department of Agriculture outreach and assistance programs; and (3) evaluate the quality of these programs in terms of their relativity to tribal needs.

Findings: Study results indicate that tribal agricultural producers surveyed ranked 29 of 39 agricultural and natural resource issues as a concern. Similarly, they rated access to and quality of outreach programs as fair. Further, tribal producers operating on reservation trust land rated issues more severely than did tribal producers operating on fee simple lands.

Practical Implications: Results of this research will help Extension and other outreach professionals to understand the barriers indigenous and tribal peoples face in sustaining agricultural operations, particularly tribal groups living on federally reserved trust lands, such as American Indians. An increased understanding can inform agricultural policy-makers and outreach professionals in improving programs designed to increase agricultural sustainability, improve food security, enhance economic well-being and improve quality of life of indigenous and tribal peoples worldwide.

Originality/Value: This research provides important information to agricultural policy-makers and Extension professionals striving to sustain agricultural productivity and enhance food security with indigenous and tribal peoples.     

论陆桥文化

随着新亚欧大陆桥的贯通,一个新的文化现象正在世界悄然兴起,这就是陆桥文化。它是一个集地域文化与历史文化、海洋文化与大陆文化于一体的新型文化。在世界各种文化相互激荡的形势下,陆桥文化正在扮演着特殊的角色,发挥着特殊的作用。     

习仲勋与陕甘宁边区土地改革

2002年5月,新华社在播发习仲勋生平中称:他尤其在陕甘宁边区土改中,提出的区别老区、半老区、新区不同情况制定政策和纠正左的偏向的意见,得到了党中央和毛泽东同志的肯定,并转发全国各解放区.文章介绍和评述的是在解放战争特殊年代陕甘宁边区进行土地改革的以及防左纠偏情况,毛泽东、习仲勋的书信电报中可以领悟到老一辈革命家求实创新和对人民事业呕心沥血的优秀品格.     

新疆城市环境与生态问题

本文主要论述了自然扬尘污染、水资源污染、土地资源的污染对新疆城市环境和生态环境的危害和造成的直接影响，最后提出了解决新疆城市环境与生态问题。     

生命与土地交响曲:恋土情结--读解李一清先生的长篇新作《农民》

农民过日子首先要拥有土地,农民在土地上折腾,但他们最后却坚守土地,我把农民这心态称为 "恋土情结".本文试图从分析生命与土地的内在与外在关系方面,融入现代化发展实质,并结合作家纯文学写作的崇高使命意识,来探究中国农民深层"恋土情结"的缘由,进一步突现中国农民对待土地的原生实态.     

土地征用制度的经济学分析及改革思路

从经济学角度出发，运用生产者与消费者剩余，分析了土地征用制度的市场效率；指出现行制度供给不足是导致征地权滥用与征地行为不规范的根源；并指出制度的“路径依赖”性导致制度变迁的阻力较大。鉴于此，提出了改革的两种思路——完善土地征用制度和规范土地流转市场。当前应完善土地征用制度，随着经济发展与制度环境的改善，再过渡到全面改革土地征用制度上。     

城镇土地生态景观类型划分的指标体系研究

根据景观生态学的基本原理,采用AHP方法,系统研究了城镇土地生态景观(包括城区和城乡交错带)类型划分的指标体系问题,建立了基于FOXPRO和MAPGIS平台的城镇土地生态景观类型划分指标体系数据库。     

论中国古代的"婆权"

中国古代的“婆权”是在自给自足小农经济基础上形成的因缘群体共有制及父家长制的产物，它是父亲长专制集权不可或缺的重要组成部分。其核心便是以父系血缘群体利益为重。兼备德，能，勤，绩是传统妇女获得婆之权力与权利的内在条件；娘家经济与政治实力则是其成婆的外在条件与保障。婆权是由相夫权，教子权与御媳权共同构成的，前一个权利都是后一个权利的基础和保障，其权力与权利的大小程度，行使范围，也随着基础的雄厚与保障的有效而只不过递增趋势。但说到底，地大大不过在去，婆权毕竟是父权的产物，它只能与父权如影随形相辅相成。     

深入探讨股份制成为公有制的主要实现形式

股份制作为公有制的主要实现形式，有一些具体问题仍须深入探讨，不论是公有控股公司还是非公有控股公司，都有优缺点，我们不能以为一股就灵，应在实施股份制作为公有制的主要实现形式时，积极探讨公有制的其他各种有效实现形式，以便公有制经济更好的发挥它的作用。     

论近代美国西部开发中的土地投机问题

在美国十九世纪的西部开发中，通过市场途径实施国有土地私有化的土地政策，已被美国学术界给予了充分肯定。而与其密切相关的土地投机问题则带动了劳动力和资本的西移，促进了国内市场的形成，对西部开发产生了重要影响。