建国初期黔东南地区解决三农问题的历史考察——以农业合作化运动为例

建国初期黔东南地区的土地改革只是初步地解决了三农问题,农村和农民并没有一劳永逸地摆脱贫困,农业生产的发展依然困难重重。为了快速发展农村经济,黔东南地区开展了农业合作化运动。合作化运动在推进三农问题解决的同时,也带来了一些负面效应。     

小农经济对提高农民科技素质的阻滞及对策分析

文章客观分析了小农经济对农民科技素质提高的阻滞,主要表现在小农经济对农民的科技素质要求低;小农经济使农民科技务农投资大、收益小,导致农民提高科技素质缺乏经济动力;小农经济造成农民落后的小农意识,是阻碍农民提高科技素质的思想屏障。最后从打破小农经济的角度,提出了提高农民科技素质的对策。     

农民专业协会中的信息传递机制研究

农民专业协会在促进农民增收和降低农产品市场风险方面发挥了重要作用,但是就整个产业链而言,由于农协的存在反而增加了每个环节合作沟通的成本。究其原因就在于我国农协信息传递机制仍有待完善。对此,文章构建了一个农协信息传递的新模型,通过对青岛个案的比较研究证实该模型有较强的解释力。     

关于新形势下农民增收问题的思考和分析——以江苏省扬州市为例

我国农业人口众多,全面建设小康社会,重点和难点在农村。解决三农问题,农民能否增收是重中之重。本文结合扬州市实际,依据相关资料,对扬州市农民收入状况、增收制约影响因素等作分析研究,力求寻找快速增收的途径和对策,探讨建立全市农民增收的长效机制。     

Implementing multifunctionality on the farm: a case presentation

Abstract

The relationship between technology adoption and farmers’ socio-economic characteristics can never be over emphasized. This study tests the determinants of technology adoption by women farmers. The result from the Logit analysis of data from Unguwan-Madaki showed that the socio-economic characteristics of women farmers significantly affect their technology adoption decisions.     

Social Learning among Organic Farmers and the Application of the Communities of Practice Framework

ABSTRACT

The paper examines social learning processes among organic farmers and explores the application of the Community of Practice (CoP) model in this context. The analysis employed utilises an approach based on the CoP model, and considers how, or whether, this approach may be useful to understand social learning among farmers. The CoP model is applied to case studies of social learning fora among organic farmers. The case studies are compiled from in-depth semi-structured interviews and participant observation with farmers and other actors, and the data are analysed with reference to three dimensions of the CoP model, namely mutual engagement, joint enterprise and shared repertoires. Farmers associate and engage in social learning more readily with peers determined by similar attitudes to farm business, farming styles and understanding of what organic agriculture entails. Such associations support the hypothesis that CoPs are self-organising structures that generate their knowledge in sympathy with community definition and identity. A CoP framework applied within relatively unstructured and dispersed communities, such as described in this paper, emphasises the fluid nature of CoPs, and their essentially self-organising nature. Extension approaches may be facilitated by regarding farmers as de-facto members of CoPs and by understanding how CoPs may form and develop. The CoP model is applied as a heuristic to examine social learning processes in organic farming.     

农村土地流转:政府权力与农民权利关系的研究

当前造成农民土地流转存在问题的主要原因之一就是政府权力行使的规范性问题。农村土地流转中政府权力行驶,主要表现为抽象行为、具体行为、服务于指导行为三种类型。在现实中政府权力行使限制了农村土地流转中农民权利,这也侵害了农民对土地的权利。要合理调整农村土地流转中的政府权力与农民权利之间的关系就需要建立和健全土地流转风险保障机制,完善相应的社会保障机制,完善农民就业培训机制,构建农村土地流转中介组织。     

“三农”视角下的旅游商品资源开发

选取黄冈旅游商品资源为研究对象,提出了旅游商品资源的开发特别是农副土特产品的开发有利于农民增收、农业增长、农村稳定,提出了重点开发乡村旅游商品,大力发展农副土特产品和旅游工艺品,同时重视旅游商品资源的深加工和文化包装,加快黄冈地理标志产品向旅游商品转化的过程等环节来探索旅游商品资源开发中的乡村旅游商品发展之路,为黄冈“三农”问题的解决和新农村建设提供发展思路。     

中国君主制（封建）社会漫长的主体性因素辨析

关于中国君主制（封建）社会漫长的原因,学者大都从政治、经济、文化、社会等方面进行分析,很少见从构成其社会主体的士农两个阶层进行分析。人是社会精神财富和物质财富的创造者,也是文化的承载者和传播者．因此,历史是高不开入的参与,特别是离不开社会主体的参与．通过对中国君主制（封建）社会主体的士农两个阶层特性的分析,笔者发现士大夫的依附性与批判性、农民阶级的依赖性与反抗性是这个社会得以长期存在的不可忽视因素．     

大理市农村劳动力转移效应研究

以大理市7个自然村140户农户的问卷调查作为研究样本,在分析大理市农村外出务工劳动力特征的基础上,就劳动力转移对大理市农业生产、农村生活和农民收入的影响效应进行实证研究。研究表明,当前农村劳动力转移对大理市农业生产没有太大的影响,但若转移人口超过临界点,势必对农业生产产生不利影响,农村劳动力转移对农民增收效应较突出,但就对农村生活而言既有积极影响,也有消极影响,为此提出通过合理转移农村劳动力以增加农民收入、改善农民生活和促进农业生产的建议和对策。