Sound representations in preschool students / Las representaciones del sonido en estudiantes de educación preescolar

Abstract

Studies of the representations that students construct, within the framework of embodied cognition, have shown that perception, action and cognition are linked and are the basis of these representations. From this framework of analysis, this study attempted to identified the representations of 23 preschool students (ages four and five) of sound production, perception and propagation. In-depth interviews were conducted using hypothetical situations and experimental tasks. Three representations were identified. The first one shows a conception of sound centred on objects. Representation 2 also focuses on objects and their relationship with the subject, but it begins to attribute characteristics to the sound itself, and in representation 3, sound has more intrinsic characteristics that expand its possibilities of interacting with the subject and other objects. We conclude that the construction of representations of sound starts from perceptual elements and is linked to actions, although its complexity also shows that they incorporate characteristics that go beyond this corporal correlate.     

The Effect of External Representations on Compare Word Problems: Supporting Mental Model Construction

This study explored the effectiveness of external representations presented together with compare word problems, and whether such effectiveness was moderated by working memory. Participants were 49 secondary school students. Each participant solved 48 problems presented in 4 presentation types that included 2 difficulty treatments (number of steps and language consistency). Data from errors and response times indicated that adding a graph to compare word problems helped accuracy (d =.60) and response time (d =.44). This effect was larger for difficult and cognitively demanding problems. Findings suggest that external representations might help problem-solvers build a mental model of the described problem situation. In addition, working memory was not found to moderate the effectiveness of external representations.     

Revisiting curriculum inquiry: the role of visual representations

Curriculum materials and knowledge about curricular purposes and structures are valuable tools that teachers often draw upon to organize instruction and facilitate student learning. Careful analysis of teachers’ curriculum implementation and the decision-making that undergirds their curriculum use is critical for fully understanding enactment. This paper compares how integrity analyses of implementation of curriculum materials and actor-oriented analysis of teachers’ curriculum use can help researchers, teacher educators, and curriculum designers interpret teachers’ decisions about what aspects of new materials to use and how to use such materials. Drawing on evidence from teacher interviews and observations, we compare two teachers’ enactments of a new elementary-level environmental biology unit. Our analyses of integrity point to differences in teachers’ adaptations with respect to their consistency with the purposes and structures of curriculum materials as construed by designers. By contrast, our actor-oriented analysis explain how the teachers’ different approaches to interpreting the goals and structures of the curriculum unit partly account for patterns in their enactment in ways that can inform refinements to materials and the design of professional development supports for teachers. In so doing, we show how implementation integrity and actor-oriented analyses offer complementary perspectives to inform curriculum research and development.     

语言的形态、思维和歧义

人的思堆和语言存在的形态有密切的关系。语言有三种存在形态，即口头的、书面的、思维的。口头的语言是即席的、交流的思维。书面语言是思维的储存形态。将这三种语言与它们的活动空间相联系，可以分为内部语言和外部语言。由于它们的交流对象的不同，其意义必然会产生歧义。同时，语言自身存在着一对固有的矛盾。即所指和能指，所以语言本身就有意义的差异。歧义在本体意义上是语言的固有特性，它决定了不可能创造出具有绝对标准意义的语言。     

深刻理解"三个代表"的价值论内涵

“三个代表”理论体系有着深刻的价值论内涵 ,它内在地包括两个基本方面 :坚持和发展真理 ,服务和代表人民。前者是实现价值的手段 ,后者是社会主义价值论出发点和归宿。为了保证这两个方面的辩证统一 ,它又进一步确立了代表先进生产力、先进文化和最广大人民根本利益等三条最高原则 ,这一价值体系为保持马克思主义的先进性、增强党的生命活力、全面建设小康社会的实践活动指明了方向 ,提供了根本原则和方法。     

皖北方言的动词重叠式“VV的”

皖北方言＂VV的＂具有一系列不同于普通话＂VV的＂句法表现。＂VV的＂中的＂的＂必不可少,＂VV的＂不能变换为＂V一下（一会儿）＂,不带宾语,重叠形式的第二个音节不轻读,可以前加＂别＂或＂没有＂进行否定,不用于非现实情态,具有很低的及物性。＂VV的＂的基本语法意义是侧重动作行为的持续、反复,凸显动作行为的进行是其派生语法意义。除此之外,＂VV的＂具有生动性。＂VV的＂的某些句法特征与现有的关于汉语南北方言动词重叠的有关概括并不完全一致。     

Social representations as mediators of practice in mathematics classrooms with immigrant students

This article suggests that a critical perspective of the notion of social representations can offer useful insights into understanding practices of teaching and learning in mathematics classrooms with immigrant students. Drawing on literature using social representations, previous empirical studies are revisited to examine three specific questions: what are the dominant social representations that permeate the mathematics classroom with immigrant students? What impact do these social representations have on classroom practices? What are the spaces for changing these practices through becoming reflective and critically aware of these representations? These questions are addressed mostly in relation to teachers’ representations, though the article also draws on data from research with students and parents to illustrate the diversity of representations and to argue for a critical and reflective perspective.     

“三讲”教育六人谈

“三个代表”是“三讲”的灵魂 ,作为一所新组建的师范学院的领导者们 ,只有正确的、完整的、全面的领会“三个代表”的思想 ,并且勇于实践 ,才能使学院成为先进文化传播的良好载体     

大学体育教育改革理念与实践的再审视

以“三个代表”重要思想为理论依据,在分析了近10年高校体育教育改革状况的基础上,提出以生产力的发展、先进文化的倡导、人民根本利益的需求为支撑,改革高校体育教育的理念与实践;高校体育教学模式应由内文化与外文化共同支撑,达到其结构设计与理性设计的和谐统一。     

邓小平理论教学改革探微

内容邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想是我们一切工作的根本指针。《邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想概论》是为培养大学生掌握邓小平理论基本原理和“三个代表”重要思想精神实质而开设的基础理论课。要达到这一目的,教学中必须根据时代发展的需要,对教学内容、教学方法、教学手段、考核方式等进行改革。