图书馆服务质量测评的影响因素及控制研究

在图书馆服务质量测评中,指标体系与服务质量的相关度,调查对象的选取和抽样方式以及问卷设计和数据分析处理技术等问题,都有可能影响评估数据的可靠性和有效性。要使服务测评指标体系与服务质量高度相关,需从两个方面加以控制。首先,评价指标的建立和优化要符合以下原则:现实服务评估和前瞻性预测的有机结合;指标内涵的单义性和具体化;指标体系稳定性和动态优化的有机结合。此外,还要鼓励用户发表意见,作为补充的反馈优化机制。表3。参考文献9。     

Two-stage statistical language models for text database selection

As the number and diversity of distributed Web databases on the Internet exponentially increase, it is difficult for user to know which databases are appropriate to search. Given database language models that describe the content of each database, database selection services can provide assistance in locating databases relevant to the information needs of users. In this paper, we propose a database selection approach based on statistical language modeling. The basic idea behind the approach is that, for databases that are categorized into a topic hierarchy, individual language models are estimated at different search stages, and then the databases are ranked by the similarity to the query according to the estimated language model. Two-stage smoothed language models are presented to circumvent inaccuracy due to word sparseness. Experimental results demonstrate that such a language modeling approach is competitive with current state-of-the-art database selection approaches.     

Hierarchical clustering of a Finnish newspaper article collection with graded relevance assessments

Search facilitated with agglomerative hierarchical clustering methods was studied in a collection of Finnish newspaper articles (N = 53,893). To allow quick experiments, clustering was applied to a sample (N = 5,000) that was reduced with principal components analysis. The dendrograms were heuristically cut to find an optimal partition, whose clusters were compared with each of the 30 queries to retrieve the best-matching cluster. The four-level relevance assessment was collapsed into a binary one by (A) considering all the relevant and (B) only the highly relevant documents relevant, respectively. Single linkage (SL) was the worst method. It created many tiny clusters, and, consequently, searches enabled with it had high precision and low recall. The complete linkage (CL), average linkage (AL), and Ward's methods (WM) returned reasonably-sized clusters typically of 18–32 documents. Their recall (A: 27–52%, B: 50–82%) and precision (A: 83–90%, B: 18–21%) was higher than and comparable to those of the SL clusters, respectively. The AL and WM clustering had 1–8% better effectiveness than nearest neighbor searching (NN), and SL and CL were 1–9% less efficient that NN. However, the differences were statistically insignificant. When evaluated with the liberal assessment A, the results suggest that the AL and WM clustering offer better retrieval ability than NN. Assessment B renders the AL and WM clustering better than NN, when recall is considered more important than precision. The results imply that collections in the highly inflectional and agglutinative languages, such as Finnish, may be clustered as the collections in English, provided that documents are appropriately preprocessed.     

从信息构建看未来的知识管理

本文从信息构建出发 ,进而引申到知识管理与知识推理 ,最终提出了知识基础工程。在设计并实现自然语言的语法开发平台时 ,产生了构建知识库的设想。利用语法开发平台 ,就可以对自然语言的语法进行开发 ,加上一个好的算法 ,就可以对大规模文本进行自动分析。对分析过的句子进行内容提取 ,并用面向对象方法和逻辑形式进行格式化 ,得到以面向对象为特征的常识知识库和以逻辑命题为特征的专家知识库 ,这应该是知识发现、知识管理的最高层次 ,也是知识工程的核心     

试论多媒体信息检索的发展

文章通过对文本信息检索语言发展的分析，得出检索语言发展的一般规律，由此对多媒体信息检索语言的发展做出回顾和总结，同时对于多媒体信息检索语言的前景进行了展望。     

关于自然语言检索问题

自然语言检索当前仅在关键词检索的层次上已经实现，重点分析了全文检索所适应和不适应的检索要求及其评价，用分析说明了当前关于自然语言检索的主流观点的不切实际，指出自然语言检索的发展方向是与情报检索语言结合和融合。     

从五十年馆藏西文文献看国外藏学研究及藏学文献的发展

通过对馆藏西文藏学文献的分析,以点带面,概括出国外对藏学研究及国外出版的藏学文献的特色、意义和今后的发展方向,以及国内在收藏和利用国外有关文献时应注意的问题,从而为藏学研究工作者提供更好的文献资源服务。     

高校图书馆外文期刊利用中的问题与对策

外文期刊利用率低是各高校图书馆普遍存在的问题，文章对造成外文期刊利用率低的原因进行分析，并提出了相应对策。     

Automatic Alphabet Recognition

The last step of the Information Retrieval process is to display the found documents to the user. However, some difficulties might occur at that point. English texts are usually written in the ASCII standard. Unlike the English language, many languages have different character sets, and do not have one standard. This plurality of standards causes problems, especially in a web environment, where one may download a document with an unknown standard. This paper suggests a purely automatic way of finding the standard which was used by the document writer based on the statistical letters distribution in the language. We developed a vector-space-based method that creates frequencies vectors for each letter of the language and then matches a new document's vectors to the pre-computed templates. The algorithm was applied on various types of corpora in Hebrew, Russian and English, and provides an efficient solution to the stated problem in most cases.     

改革开放40年中国基础英语教育发展报告

改革开放40年来,中国基础英语教育经历了辉煌的发展阶段,明确了其工具性与人文性的双重作用,在改革开放的形势下,确立了其在基础教育中的地位,并在课程、教材、教法、教师教育、测评、教学技术等方面取得了举世瞩目的成就。展望未来,尚需深化改革,加强研究,创造更多经验以奉献世界。