提高大型仪器设备使用效益的几点措施

针对目前高校大型仪器设备的使用现状,根据大型仪器设备使用效益的评价体系,从对大型仪器设备采购前的论证工作和正常运行后的管理工作等几个方面,提出了提高大型仪器设备使用效益的几点措施。     

A meta-analysis on the relationship between school characteristics and student outcomes in science and maths – evidence from large-scale studies

ABSTRACT

In the present meta-analysis, we examine how secondary school characteristics – such as schools’ academic press, school climate, material resources, personnel resources, classroom climate, instructional practices, out-of-school activities, and socioeconomic status (SES) composition – provide opportunities for students to engage in science and maths, and how these matter with regard to students’ cognitive and motivational-affective outcomes. The meta-analysis includes 71 (international) articles from large-scale studies with a total of 3,960,281 students, 260,390 schools, and 285 effect sizes that were transformed to correlation coefficients. Multilevel meta-analyses were performed. Results identified a number of school variables that can be regarded as relevant for making a difference in student outcomes and at the same time be influenced by education. These refer to school variables such schools’ academic press, classroom climate, instructional practices, and out-of-school activities. Moreover, SES composition was significantly related to student outcomes. Material and personnel resources as well as school climate yielded a close to zero effect. No differences were found between cognitive and motivational-affective outcome variables or between science and maths. The results point to the most promising school characteristics for promoting students’ outcomes and emphasise schools’ potential for students’ engagement in science and maths.     

International large-scale assessments: what uses,what consequences?

Abstract

Background: International large-scale assessments (ILSAs) are a much-debated phenomenon in education. Increasingly, their outcomes attract considerable media attention and influence educational policies in many jurisdictions worldwide. The relevance, uses and consequences of these assessments are often the focus of research scrutiny. Whilst some argue that the assessment outcomes provide an effective basis for informed policy-making, critics claim that the use of international assessment data can result in a range of unintended consequences, such as the shaping and governing of school systems ‘by numbers’.

Purpose: This article explores and analyses the arguments about the uses and consequences of ILSAs. In particular, the discourse about the assessments’ consequential validity will be discussed and evaluated.

Sources of evidence: Literature relating to the uses and consequences of large-scale assessment was analysed, with a focus on research on the consequential aspects of validity.

Main argument: Much research suggests that ILSAs have unintended consequences that affect and influence educational policy. However, the influences on educational policy are complex and interwoven: for example, it is not clear-cut whether effects such as converging curricular are, necessarily, direct consequences of large-scale assessments. Further, it is suggested that a beneficial consequence of large-scale assessment is the infrastructure they provide for studies in the social sciences, although caution must be applied to causal claims, in particular because of the cross-sectional design of the assessments.

Conclusions: The considerable literature discussing the uses and consequences of large-scale assessments tends to point out potential negative aspects of the studies. However, it is also apparent that large-scale international assessments can be a valuable resource for studying global trends and evolving systems in education. Despite the extensive debates around large-scale assessment outcomes both in the media and in educational policy arenas, empirical educational research all too often appears underused in the discussion.     

基于物联网基础下的大型仪器共享平台管理模式

大型仪器设备是高校教学实验室的关键设备,也是进行科研活动的重要资源。如何提升大型仪器设备的共享度,实现大型仪器的高效率应用成为设备管理人员面对的重要难题;设计基于物联网的自主体系结构和大型仪器共享管理体系,采用模型Model-视图View-控制器Controller(MVC)设计思想构建包括应用层、网络层和感知层3层架构的大型仪器共享平台,通过用户中心模块、统一检索和预约模块、集中式数据统计分析模块、刷卡收费模块和虚拟实验和考核等模块完成大型仪器的有效共享,实现大型仪器的科学共享和高效管理;并通过强化预约管理模式和加强实验技术人才培养来提升大型仪器的应用价值。     

管好用好大型仪器设备的几项措施

该文着重对大型仪器设备的使用与管理进行了深入的探讨,对如何管好、用好这些大型仪器设备,提高其使用效益,充分发挥其作用,提出了几点建议和措施。     

对加强高校大型仪器设备管理的思考

该文就高校大型仪器设备的管理问题进行了初步的探讨。结合实际工作对做好大型仪器设备购置前期的论证、加强大型仪器设备购置的监管、健全和完善大型仪器设备的制度建设、强化大型仪器设备使用效率的管理、提高大型仪器设备管理人员的队伍建设等方面进行了思考。     

大系统的部分联结一致渐近稳定性及指数稳定性

基于子系统间某些关联可能是固定的情况,本文讨论了大系统的部分联结稳定性,并且利用向量李雅普诺夫函数法研究了大系统的部分联结一致渐近稳定性及指数稳定性,推广了大系统关联稳定性的相关结论。     

大运河遗产区域化保护规划探讨——以扬州为例

随着文化遗产类型的不断丰富,在大尺度遗产的保护过程中,真实性与完整性的矛盾越来越突出,对我国既有的文化遗产保护体系构成了严峻的挑战.对遗产区域化保护的理论和实践进行阐述,初步分析了遗产区域化保护规划的关键技术问题,以大运河扬州段为例,就大运河遗产的区域化保护方法进行探讨.认为文化遗产区域化保护不仅是保护理念、方法的变化...     

高山滑雪大型赛事竞赛管理系统的研制与应用

为满足高山滑雪大型国际国内比赛实际需要,设计并研制了高山滑雪竞赛管理系统。该系统根据大型赛事流程将赛事分为赛前管理系统、赛中管理系统、赛后管理系统,极大地提高了我国高山滑雪运动的竞赛管理水平。在分析构建整个系统功能结构的基础上,将组件对象模型（COM）应用于比赛处理模块,并通过灵活的报表管理方式提高了系统的通用性和灵活性,达到大型赛事要求,具有技术先进、数据准确和省时高效等优点。总结经验并提出我国应建立专业化的研发队伍;研发整体性、集成性的管理系统;研发通用性、灵活性的成绩处理软件以及与国际接轨,得到国际雪联的认可等完善我国高山滑雪竞赛管理系统的有效措施,以适应国际国内搞滑雪大型赛事的需求。     

大型科研仪器共享体系研究

通过对比中美两国大型科研仪器共享现状,分析我国大型科研仪器共享体系的构建特征,进而提出加强预算与购置查重评议、提高市场化配置、完善管理服务标准与激励机制、建立统一国家网络管理平台等相应措施。