A multilevel analysis of late entry in Nigeria

This paper explores how factors operating at the state and community levels are associated with the prevalence of late school enrolment in Nigeria. We investigate the following three research themes. First, whether late entry varies across states and across communities and how much of this variation can be explained by the composition of communities and states. Second, whether community wealth and state wealth are stronger predictors of late entry than household wealth. Third, whether wealth has different effects on the probability of late school entry in different states and in different communities within states. Using the 2010 Nigeria Education Data Survey, and a three-level multilevel logit model, we show that a substantial proportion of the variation in late school entry is explained by community- and state-level factors. We further find that children living in specific communities in Nigeria may face a double disadvantage in terms of on-time school enrolment. In these communities, not only is there a large proportion of children entering school late, but also household wealth has strong effects on the probability that a child is sent to school on on time. These communities could be targeted for educational interventions aimed at promoting on-time school enrolment.     

晚清对外观念中的变与不变

第一次鸦片战争后,清朝上下保持一贯的＂华夷观念＂,将鸦片战争的失败合理化为＂招抚＂夷人的结果,而不顾国力强弱的对比。面对第二次鸦片战争再次战败的结果,统治者被迫接受彼强此弱的现实,调整观念中的＂华＂、＂夷＂区隔,对外采取注重信义的＂和戎外交＂政策。而在观念的最末处,仍保留着一块修护尊严的居所。     

中晚唐悯农诗歌的艺术特点浅析

悯农诗发展到中晚唐,出现了全盛的局面,形成了独特的艺术风貌。"浅析"从作品的叙事性、诗章结构特点、人物刻画、语言等方面,进行了客观的分析和评价。     

近代西方科技在晚清的传播与影响

18世纪英国工业革命使资本主义从传统农业社会转向工业社会,西方科技的快速发展不仅促进了社会的进步和经济发展,也鼓涨了西方帝国对外大肆扩张的贪婪欲望。东方“天朝大国”的清王朝国门于是被西方列强打开,与此同时,学习和研究近代西方科学技术,也很快成为清王朝一股社会思潮。近代西方科技在晚清的传播范围较广,上至宫廷皇族,中有朝廷大员,下到觉悟起来的知识分子,均对西方科技有所认识体察或者运用采纳,以及因此产生的政治警醒;近代西方科技的传入在助长清统治者奢靡生活作风的同时,也对清统治者思想观念和国家发展生产了以下四方面的影响：启发了改革意识、更新了人才培养观念、激发了政治改革思想、促进了中国近代化历程的发展。     

Gap year students in Lithuania: the value orientations of children from wealthy social groups

The paper seeks to understand the trajectories of students who defer entry to university. The study was conducted in Lithuania, a former Soviet Union republic. The phenomenon of a ‘gap year’ is usually associated with young people, who decide not to enter higher education schools immediately after receiving secondary education, instead they choose to spend a year volunteering, working or engaging in other activities. This article analyses the choice of taking a gap year from the perspective of rational choice theory, complemented by human development theory, which was developed by R. Inglehart and his colleagues. The latter theory allows discovering relation between the spreading of the gap year phenomenon in developed European countries and the emergence as well as development of post-materialist values from the macro-level perspective. The theoretical analysis is based on semi-structured interview data collected in Lithuania.     

The Student Perception of Wellbeing Questionnaire: Preliminary Investigation into its Psychometric Properties

An estimated 20% of all adolescents will experience a depressive disorder by the age of 18, with schools being at the forefront of initiatives to promote resilience and well-being. This study reports on the development of the 24-item Student Perception of Wellbeing Questionnaire (SPWQ), created as a measure of well-being in three areas: exercise, explanatory style, and conflict resolution. The SPWQ was administered to 235 male school students from Years 6–8 and 251 female students from Years 7–9, and a principal components analysis with varimax rotation was performed on the data obtained. A three-factor solution was identified dealing with explanatory style, conflict resolution, and exercise, which explained 31% of the total variance. The scale was found to have strong internal consistency with a Cronbach alpha coefficient of α = 0.80 for the male students and α = 0.84 for the female students.     

晚清时政及革命动员的镜像表达--《江汉日报》图像新闻研究

对晚清中国时局及革命动员的表达,有政论、小说、诗歌、戏曲、杂文等文学形式,但图像新闻却以艺术的形式,别具一格,在文化尚未普及的时代,成为呈现时政及革命动员的最直观、最有效、最锐利的武器。《江汉日报》的图像新闻,如同其所刊发的各类文体一样,自始至终,承担着反帝反清,宣传革命的使命;其报道的范围广泛,视野宏阔,高瞻远瞩,具有宏观性和全局性;其报道的主题主要集中在中国面临的局势、外国列强对中国的侵略与掠夺、腐败的封建专制制度以及文武官吏的百面丑态,具有鲜明的政治性。在策略上,运用立体的和连续的报道方法,增强舆论力度;在形式上,图像直指现实政治和现实社会,通俗易懂,具有直观性。其图像新闻大胆、泼辣、犀利,具有鼓动性、革命性和战斗性。     

关注青少年，关注睡眠

“三更灯火五更鸡,正是男儿读书时”是对中国学子求学的深刻描述。而随着现代化与信息化的不断发展,对青少年学历的要求也越来越高。成绩仍是衡量学习能力的重要标志。来自各方的压力不得不让其花掉更多的时间来完成任务。高中生为了提高学习成绩,往往利用午睡和晚休的时间加班学习,以致有些高中生上课精神不佳,学习效率低,学习成绩很难提高。身体与心理都处于亚健康状况,因此有必要呼吁更多的人意识到充足的睡眠对于学生生活学习方面的重要性,让更多的人在关注发展的同时关注他们的身体。     

影响皖东汉族青少年体质水平提高的因素研究

以皖东地区的527名汉族青少年为研究对象,针对影响皖东地区汉族青少年体质水平提高的因素展开论述,并提出相应的对策和建议。希望本文的研究可以给相关部门和学校提高青少年的体质水平给予理论上的指导。     

我国体操男子跳马项目后备力量实力分析

运用观察和统计方法，对2007年全国青年体操锦标赛中跳马运动员的动作难度及完成情况进行了分析。结果表明，我国青少年运动员在跳马项目上完成的动作以第3组和第4组类型为主，整体训练水平处于中等；在落地方面的完成情况存在着稳定性差、扣分点多等问题，应进一步强调和强化落地稳定性训练，以提高动作质量。