晚清粤籍驻外领事群体知识结构述论

晚清粤籍驻外领事的群体构成较为复杂,传统士绅、学堂学生与留洋人员应有尽有。传统士绅出身的粤领知识结构新旧杂糅、中西结合,带有时代印记,学堂学生的知识结构发生质变,西学色彩较为鲜明,而留学生则经过西方近代文明的直接洗礼,职业化趋势最为明显。粤人风云际会、捷足先登,无论充任领事的数量还是质量皆遥遥领先于其他诸省,对于中国外交近代化与外交官职业化进程居功甚伟。     

新疆青少年研究概况述评--基于检索中国知网数据的研究结果

没有理论的高度自觉很难有理想信念的坚定。在新疆特殊的地域,始终存在极为突出的矛盾,即我们与三股势力（民族分裂势力、极端宗教势力、暴力恐怖势力）的斗争将是长期的、复杂的和激烈的。尤其在争夺青少年这一群体的力量上,我们的青少年研究队伍还没有完全建构,专门的青少年理论研究刊物相对缺乏,这就如同我们没有能够及时为一线奋战的勇士们提供管用好使的“武器”和“子弹”,无疑不能坚决有效打击三股势力。同时,我们对青少年这一群体舆情第一时间没有给出“预测”和“诊断”,即没有完整的监测系统,因此导致我们的很多工作处于应急被动。从这个意义上,我们亟待需要对全疆乃至内地就新疆青少年研究文献进行必要的梳理。基于检索中国知网数据,对新疆青少年研究的现状、热点、不足和建议等四个方面进行概括评述。     

北京与晚清的“阅读革命”

从晚清中华民族为了救亡与生存的不断抗争,到如今迈向伟大复兴之路的历史进程中,中国人民先后掀起了数次带有民众启蒙性质的"阅读革命"。北京因其独特的地理、文化、历史等方面的有利条件,在历次"阅读革命"中发挥了非常重要的作用。了解北京在中国晚清"阅读革命"中所扮演的角色与表现,对于促进当今北京地区的阅读文化发展,提高人们阅读能力,增强居民文化素质,弘扬中华民族的优秀文化,传承中华民族爱读书勤学习的良好风尚,都具有十分重要的现实意义。     

“望子成龙”有效吗?--基于亲子教育期望偏差对学业成绩的影响研究

教育期望是个体、父母或教师对学习者未来教育水平的预期,对学业表现与个体发展影响巨大。大量研究忽视了父母和子女之间教育期望差异的普遍存在,而相关差异极易造成个体欠佳的行为表现。本文基于2014—2015年“中国教育追踪调查”数据,采用最小二乘回归(OLS)、倾向得分匹配(PSM)和Bootstrap法中介效应检验,探究亲子教育期望偏差对青少年学业成绩的影响及作用机制。研究发现:亲子教育期望偏差显著负向影响青少年的学业成绩。以强烈的“望子成龙”心愿为典型表现的上偏型亲子教育期望偏差并不合理,对学业成绩有显著负向影响,而下偏型亲子教育期望偏差与学业成绩之间不存在显著关系。心理压力、学业负担和负向情绪在上偏型亲子教育期望偏差和学业成绩之间起部分中介作用。与女生相比,男生的学业成绩更易受到上偏型亲子教育期望偏差的负向冲击。基于此,提出形成适度教育期望、增进亲子沟通交流等对策建议。     

十九世纪六七十年代晚清的政治经济和外交格局的变化及其影响

十九世纪六七十年代,晚清的政治经济和外交格局均发生了重大变化。政治上:北京政变发生;湘淮系等地方势力崛起;洋务派出现;太平天国运动失败,两个政权并存的局面结束。经济上:洋务运动兴起;中国民族资本主义工业产生,中国出现了新的经济因素和新的阶级力量。外交上:清政府宣布"借师助剿";构建了近代外事机构与体制,设立了驻外使领馆,开展了走向世界的出访活动。这些变化对当时的晚清产生了重要影响。     

中小学生视力现状调查及其原因分析研究

近年来,近视已成为影响我国青少年儿童健康的一个非常重要的问题.文章对乌鲁木齐市4-9年级民汉不同语系学生近视率现状进行了调查,分析了产生近视的原因,提出了防治策略,以期为中小学及家长预防学生近视提供依据.     

清代晚期徽州山区经济研究——以婺源茶叶贸易为例

分析了徽州山区的自然条件和清代晚期的经济产业结构,回顾了婺源的茶叶种植和贸易历史,探讨了清代晚期婺源地区茶叶贸易的经营方式与特色。认为清代晚期婺源的茶商具备良好的文化修养和商业道德,推动了社会发展。     

Scaling up comprehensive sexuality education in Nigeria: from national policy to nationwide application

Nigeria is one of few countries that reports having translated national policies on school-based comprehensive sexuality education (CSE) into near-nationwide implementation. We analysed data using the World Health Organization-ExpandNet framework, which provides a systematic structure for planning and managing the scaling up of health innovations. We examined how Nigeria's nationwide programme was designed and executed. Since 2002, Nigeria has developed a well thought through strategy to scale up CSE. Crucial attributes that facilitated the scaling up included technical consensus about the innovation and clarity about its components, dissection of a complex intervention into manageable components for implementation by organisations with complementary expertise, strong political leadership and championship in concert with advocacy and technical support from non-governmental organisations, proactive and energetic involvement of community stakeholders, effective programme management, and improvements to the information management system to ensure on-track implementation and mid-course corrections to keep stakeholders, including funders, informed and engaged. Challenges included programmatic values, competing priorities for available human resources and a lack of predictable funding for sustaining a rapid scale-up effort. Despite some weaknesses, implementation has largely proceeded according to plan. The lessons learned from Nigeria's experience can and should be used in other settings to achieve wide-scale coverage.     

Towards an integrated framework for accelerating the end of the global HIV epidemic among young people

For decades, the HIV epidemic has exacted an enormous toll worldwide. However, trend analyses have discerned significant declines in the overall prevalence of HIV over the last two decades. More recently, advances in biomedical, behavioural, and structural interventions offer considerable promise in the battle against generalised epidemics. Despite advances in the prevention of transmission and new infections, morbidity and mortality of HIV among young people remains a considerable concern for individuals, couples, families, communities, practitioners, and policy-makers around the globe. To accelerate the end of the global HIV epidemic among young people, we must merge existing efficacious interventions with more novel, cost-effective implementation strategies to develop integrated, multi-level combination interventions. The benefits of conceptualising the HIV epidemic more broadly and adopting ecological frameworks for the development of HIV prevention programmes are critical.     

Adult Role Models: Feasibility,Acceptability, and Initial Outcomes for Sex Education

The authors present the feasibility and acceptability of a parent sexuality education program led by peer educators in community settings. They also report the results of an outcome evaluation with 71 parents who were randomized to the intervention or a control group and surveyed one month prior to and six months after the four-week intervention. The program was highly feasible and acceptable to participants, and the curriculum was implemented with a high level of fidelity and facilitator quality. Pilot data show promising outcomes for increasing parental knowledge, communication, and monitoring of their adolescent children.