饱和蒸汽压测量及汽化潜热推算系统的开发

根据静态法测量液体饱和蒸汽压的实验原理,设计、建立了饱和蒸汽压测量实验系统,同时,开发了推算水溶液汽化潜热的计算机软件。以去离子水为工质对实验系统的准确性、可靠性、稳定性以及推算软件的适用性进行了验证。这套实验测量及推算系统已经应用于实际当中。     

我国高等教育大众化进程中的潜在风险探析

高等教育作为人类有目的的人力资本增值的投资活动，它给社会和受教育个人带来滞后性高经济回报的同时，也存在着潜在风险，特别是在高等教育大众化的进程中，表现得十分明显，当这种风险的“量”累积达到一定程度时，也会产生危机。借鉴国外发达国家发展的经验和教训，充分发挥我国高等教育的后发优势，成功防范和化解我国高等教育大众化进程中的潜在风险，确保我国高等教育持续协调发展，具有重要的现实意义。     

Covariates and Mixture Modeling: Results of a Simulation Study Exploring the Impact of Misspecified Effects on Class Enumeration

For some time, there have been differing recommendations about how and when to include covariates in the mixture model building process. Some have advocated the inclusion of covariates after enumeration, whereas others recommend including them early on in the modeling process. These conflicting recommendations have led to inconsistent practices and unease in trusting modeling results. In an attempt to resolve this discord, we conducted a Monte Carlo simulation to examine the impact of covariate exclusion and misspecification of covariate effects on the enumeration process. We considered population and analysis models with both direct and indirect paths from the covariates to the latent class indicators. As expected, misspecified covariate effects most commonly led to the overextraction of classes. Findings suggest that the number of classes could be reliably determined using the unconditional latent class model, thus our recommendation is that class enumeration be done prior to the inclusion of covariates.     

The predictors of academic interest: fluid intelligence,openness, and their interaction

The importance of academic interest has been emphasised in education, both as a construct influencing achievement, and as an important learning outcome. However, psychological predictors such as personality and intelligence that characterise students who become interested in coursework are often neglected. The present study examined the influences of fluid intelligence (Gf) and Openness on academic interest in a large sample of Chinese secondary school students (N?=?836). Latent variable models found that controlling for age and gender, Openness significantly predicted interest in Chinese, mathematics, and English, whereas Gf only significantly predicted Chinese interest. Beyond the main effects, Gf and Openness also had an interaction effect on academic interest but only for Chinese. The findings represent an important contribution to understanding the psychological predictors of academic interest, although the effect sizes were relatively small.     

Integration of Stochastic Differential Equations Using Structural Equation Modeling: A Method to Facilitate Model Fitting and Pedagogy

Stochastic differential equation (SDE) models are a promising method for modeling intraindividual change and variability. Applications of SDEs in the social sciences are relatively limited, as these models present conceptual and programming challenges. This article presents a novel method for conceptualizing SDEs. This method uses structural equation modeling (SEM) conventions to simplify SDE specification, the flexibility of SEM to expand the range of SDEs that can be fit, and SEM diagram conventions to facilitate the teaching of SDE concepts. This method is a variation of latent difference scores (McArdle, 2009; McArdle & Hamagami, 2001) and the oversampling approach (Singer, 2012), and approximates the advantages of analytic methods such as the exact discrete model (Oud & Jansen, 2000) while retaining the modeling fiexibility of methods such as latent differential equation modeling (Boker, Neale, & Rausch, 2004). A simulation and empirical example are presented to illustrate that this method can be implemented on current computing hardware, produces good approximations of analytic solutions, and can flexibly accommodate novel models.     

文化追寻与生命体验的双重构建--阿城《棋王》的另一种读法

本文试图从与以往研究者不同的角度进入《棋王》，通过对小说的细读和心理分析，我们可以体味到作品不仅表现了道家文化，它又是儒道互渗、互补的统一体。同时，阿城的心灵体验无意识中融入了作品，这使得《棋王》在实际上还存在着另一个潜在的主角“我”，以及另一层潜在结构。     

表现性:文学语言的审美解读

符号的诗意在于其表现性,语言的表现性是文学诗意所在。表现性语言关注的是语言的形式自身,它的情感性、体验性,消解了再现性语言的客观性、真实性,并调动读者参与对语言符号想象与创造的热情。文学语言的审美价值具体体现在情感形式化,语义建构性,符号意味性等方面。     

Detecting Appropriate Trajectories of Growth in Latent Growth Models: The Performance of Information-Based Criteria

Latent growth modeling (LGM) is a popular and flexible technique that may be used when data are collected across several different measurement occasions. Modeling the appropriate growth trajectory has important implications with respect to the accurate interpretation of parameter estimates of interest in a latent growth model that may impact educational policy decisions. A Monte Carlo simulation study was conducted to examine the accuracy of six information-based criteria (i.e., AIC, CAIC, AICC, BIC, nBIC, and HQIC) when selecting among various growth trajectories modeled using LGM under different sample size, number of time points, and growth trajectory scenarios. The accuracy of the information criteria generally improved as sample size increased. The cubic and linear growth models were distinguished most accurately by the information criteria. All of the nonlinear models were more easily distinguished as the number of time points increased. The comparative performance of the six information criteria was dependent upon the manipulated conditions. Implications of the findings are discussed.     

组织创新对企业模仿与创新绩效的影响

识别组织创新过程对企业绩效的影响对理解企业的创新过程非常重要。本文采用中国制造业调查数据,利用潜在分类模型方法定量分析企业的组织创新类型与特点,并结合多元处理效应模型探讨组织创新对企业产品模仿与创新绩效的影响。研究发现样本企业的组织创新程度从低到高可划分为五个等级。中高程度的组织创新水平(第Ⅲ和第Ⅳ种)对产品模仿绩效有显著作用,表明侧重知识创新和研发投入的组织创新有利于提高企业产品模仿绩效;只有最高程度的组织创新,即第Ⅴ种类型组织创新,显著提高产品创新强度,表明全面提升组织创新程度对产品模仿到产品创新的转变具有重要作用。所以创新政策不应仅仅停留在技术创新层面,而应强调企业的全面创新。     

The relationship between physical activity,fitness, physical complaints and BMI in German adults – results of a longitudinal study

Objectives: This study’s aims were to describe the development of physical activity, physical fitness (PF), subjective (physical complaints (PC)) and objective (Body mass index (BMI)) health measures and to examine the relationship between the development trajectories. In addition, the study also aimed to assess the influence of sociodemographic determinants (age, sex, socioeconomic status (SES)) in German adults over a period of 18 years. Methods: The longitudinal study population comprises of 721 men and women, aged 33–76 years over the study period. There was self-report of physical activity and PC and testing of physical fitness and BMI in each study year (1992, 1997, 2002 and 2010). Latent growth curve models were used to analyse the development. Results: Physical activity slightly increased while fitness, PC and BMI worsened over the course of 18 years. Sex, age and SES play important roles concerning physical activity, fitness and health. Several integrative associations could be detected between physical activity, fitness, PC and BMI as well as their trajectories. In particular, high initial levels of physical activity and fitness protect from high PC and BMI.The slope of physical activity was not significantly associated with slopes of fitness, PC and BMI. However, increase of fitness resulted in decrease of PC. Conclusions: A general positive development regarding the amount of physical activity could be detected. However, if it is only an unsystematic increase of physical activity, this is not in itself enough to achieve health benefits. The strengthening of fitness should be focused when increasing physical activity, since only then a health benefit is possible.