Using ‘HOCS-Centered Learning’ as a Pathway to Promote Science Teachers' Metacognitive Development

An element of current reform in science education worldwide is the shift from the dominant traditional algorithmic lower-order cognitive skills (LOCS) teaching, to the higher-order cognitive skills (HOCS)-promoting learning; that is, the development of students' capabilities including those of question asking (QA), critical/system thinking (CST), decision making (DM), problem solving (PS), conceptualisation of fundamental concepts (CFC) and the transfer of these within both the science disciplines and real life interdisciplinary situations. Accordingly, an innovative metacognition-promoting science teacher professional development course, integrating formal and informal science education, was developed and implemented within a traditional model, focusing on the HOCS skills of QA, PS, and CFC. The HOCS promoting teaching and assessment strategies of this course not only enabled participants to reflect on their own learning, but also facilitated their self-reflective assessment, utilising a pre–post designed research-based methodology. The results suggest that such, or similarly appropriate, metacognition-oriented courses can contribute positively to the development of science teachers' HOCS capability.     

Different ways in which students handle chance encounters in the explorative setting of a dice game

The purpose of this study is to investigate the ways in which Swedish seventh grade students (12 and 13 years old) handle chance encounters. Four groups of students working in pairs participated in the study. In the group discussions, which were tape-recorded and fully transcribed, the students were encouraged to explore strategies for winning a specifically designed dice game based on the sum of two dice. The dice game included four different set-ups of dice designed to bring to the fore different aspects of probability modelling and to offer the student the opportunity to encounter small differences in the mathematical structure of the sample space and of the probability distribution between the four different set-ups. The study describes strategies that the students use when confronted with these different set-ups, what their activities imply in terms of resources in handling random phenomena and what the dice game offers in terms of opportunities for learning probability. In order to explain such meaning-making processes the students’ activities are viewed from a perspective that takes into consideration how the students’ understanding varies with their interpretations of the situation they are confronted with, i.e., how they contextualize the different set-ups of the dice game. The results show how the students, during the course of the game, reorganize their interpretations of the mathematical content confronting them, and how a variation of guiding principles becomes the object of exploration. Approaches of extremes and a number model are described as a means for the students to identify and assign probabilities for the total of two dice.     

大学日语教学中写作能力的培养

为适应新大学日语教学大纲的要求,我们有必要重新审视我们的日语教学,培养学生扎实的语言基础,提高日语实际运用能力和修养。同时,还要让学生了解日本人的思维方式和日本文化。这样,才能综合培养学生的基本素质,提高写作能力,掌握交际工具,成为适合于时代的复合型人才。     

浅谈学生创造精神的培养

培养学生创造精神，应从更新教育理念、建立新型师生关系、营造良好课堂氛围入手，强化“问题意识”，激励学生善于质疑，更要注重发散思维、逆向思维、直觉思维、灵感思维等创造性思维的多重训练。     

从认知角度看教育中的图像应用

由于技术的发展及学习主体的需要，知识的表示近年来有走向图像化的趋势。图像在教育中的应用需要从多个维度来理解，要警惕图像在教育中的过度运用。该综合民族思维的一些特征，提出我们应注意教育图像的或说直观的界限，教育不能陷于具体化的迷雾，要从社会化的角度来审视和面对图像。     

直觉图像思维模式仍然有启发力——为〈物理学与哲学之间〉作序

充分肯定了新创的量子力学曲率解释的优点，赞扬改进后的“相互作用实在论”，解决了不可知论的疑难。重点强调直觉图像思维模式对于理解量子物理学和对于科学创造的启发性功能。并用多元主义方法论的观点分析几种典型的量子力学解释，表明它们各有独特的一面。     

营销新思维：利润差异化营销

面对竞争纷呈和消费需求的变化，企业只有也必须转换营销思路，才能异军突起。利润差异化营销方式不仅蕴涵了历史经验中最好的营销方法，而且兼顾了有效妥协于现状的营销概念。它既是对传统营销模式的修正，也是一种营销新思维，不失为一种最佳的营销策略。     

比较思维与中国现代新诗欣赏——兼论中国现代新诗欣赏的中外比较

比较是中国诗歌欣赏的重要传统。没有比较就不可能有中国诗歌一代接一代的承传。中国现代新诗发生发展的特点决定了它的艺术特征必须在中外诗歌的比较中加以确立。从郭沫若和李金发的诗歌创作比较中，可以看出中国现代新诗对西方诗歌的接受与变异，尽管西方诗歌对于中国现代新诗的发生与发展产生了极大影响，但是因为各自的艺术渊源、文化精神及人的生存方式的不同，中国新诗与西方诗歌也有鲜明的差异。因此，对于中国现代新诗的欣赏，既要用情感去感受情感应和，用生命去感受生命感动，还要对诗歌外在语言艺术形式及其所蕴含的内在韵致进行把握与阐释。     

From Book to Screen: Adopting Cinematic Adaptations of Literature in the EFL Classroom to Hone Students’ Critical Thinking Skills

In light of the paramount value placed on critical thinking (CT) in higher education and the scarcity of research into the use of cinematic adaptations to this end, this study investigated the incorporation of film into the source literature to hone students’ cognitive skills in the areas of analysis, inference, evaluation, induction, and deduction. Participants were 50 third-year students of English as a foreign language (EFL) enrolled in a university in eastern Algeria for academic year 2015–2016. During the fall semester, the treatment group (n = 24) and the control group (n = 26) took a regular literature course. In the spring semester, the treatment group took a film-literature course and the control group, a reading-only course that drew on Facione's IDEAS critical thinking model. The California Critical Thinking Skills Test (CCTST) was used as a pretest and posttest. Empirical findings indicated that both groups performed on par in all cognitive areas of CT with the exception of inference, wherein the film group outperformed the reading-only group in this dimension.     

Write Now! Using reflective writing beyond the humanities and social sciences

Writing is an important teaching and learning tool that fosters active and critical thinking. There are multiple pressures for disciplines outside the humanities and social sciences to integrate writing in their courses. The shift from teaching solely discipline-specific skills to including writing in a meaningful way can be a daunting process. An instructor and education reference librarian at a public, four-year research university infused an urban planning course with reflective writing exercises. The collaboration proved effective in increasing students’ perceived writing abilities and active thinking via increased immediacy, frequency of writing and active learning.