Promoting inclusive education in secondary school in Norway: a national programme for teacher development

There is a great need in many countries for extended and new teacher competence to meet the challenges of inclusive education. This paper presents a national programme for developing new teacher competence in secondary schools in Norway. The programme was developed and implemented during the 1990s, its aim being to start a continuing process in schools directed at promoting inclusive education and improving the quality of education for pupils with special educational needs. Further, the paper presents some findings from a national survey of 2240 teachers and school administrators in 104 schools one year after the implementation of the programme. The survey partially replicated a survey carried out before the programme started. The purpose was to give an overall picture of the situation with respect to teacher competence in special needs and inclusive education, and the impact of the competence building programme on teacher practice, and to identify possible system changes in schools.     

更新教育观念 提高教师素质

更新教师的教育观念,在当前全面推进素质教育、深化教学的改革中,具有十分重要的意义。更新教育观念,提高教师素质,首先要树立正确的人才观和教育质量观,其次要把“育人为本”作为素质教育的核心,摆正教师与学生的地位和作用,从而确立坚定的教育信仰,真正做到教书与育人的统一。     

阅览室管理应引入以人为本的服务理念

阅览室管理应树立以人为本的服务理念 ,在知识经济时代阅览室要努力改善阅览环境 ,改进服务方式 ,扩大服务范围。阅览室工作人员需具备相应的专业素质 ,不断提高水平     

学生:学习的自由体

经实验研究表明,学生不再是知识的被动接受者,而是能自主参与的学习者。作者从、多个角度阐述了自主参与学习的学生学习状况,为读者展示了“以学生为本”的生本实验所带来的学生的变化。     

迁移元胞自动机网络舆情演化模型(M~2CA)

基于元胞自动机原理,根据网民表达观点的倾向度和坚持自己观点的自信度,提出元胞倾向转换的标准化自信度多数规则,在此基础上构建迁移元胞自动机网络演化模型(M~2CA),运用M~2CA模型分析网络舆情的观点演化,包括粗粒度倾向度、细粒度倾向度和倾向度转换图。通过对仿真实验结果的分析,揭示了网络舆情演化的观点统一、两极分化和观点漂移的现象,分析了核心区域漂移现象和倾向度曲线多波峰现象的成因;仿真结果表明该模型能较好拟合舆情演化的规律。     

依循实例铸造栏目魅力 ——《中国实用儿科杂志》栏目策划的循证实践

"循证价值观"所倡导的医学实践理念使医学期刊读者的阅读兴奋点发生了深刻的转变。《中国实用儿科杂志》在栏目策划实践中运用先进的循证理念将医学期刊与临床和读者对接,适时满足受众需求,使栏目的个性特征与期刊的特色相得益彰,同时也获得了期刊栏目策划循证实践的宝贵经验。     

The Map of Medicine: a review of evidence for its impact on healthcare

Objectives: Map of Medicine is an evidence‐based online clinical knowledge resource. Procured at significant cost by healthcare providers in the UK, Sweden and Denmark, it is important to establish the beneficial impact that investment has had on healthcare practise and, ultimately, on patient outcomes. The objective of this study is to review the evidence for the impact of the Map of Medicine on clinical practice. Methods: A systematic review of peer‐reviewed and grey literature was conducted. Nine healthcare databases, Google Scholar and Google were searched for articles containing the terms ‘map of medicine’. Results: The search identified 133 articles. Eleven of the articles identified met the inclusion criteria. The main finding of the study is the paucity of evidence available on the impact of the Map of Medicine and the variable quality of that which does exist. There are some encouraging early indications for the Map of Medicine as a tool within service redesign, leading to an increase in appropriate referrals to secondary care, decreased patient waiting times and considerable cost savings. Conclusion: Further research with study designs that can generate high quality evidence for the impact of Map of Medicine is essential in order to support policy decisions.     

Integrating evidence-based practice and information literacy skills in teaching physical and occupational therapy students

Background: To ensure that physical and occupational therapy graduates develop evidence‐based practice (EBP) competencies, their academic training must promote EBP skills, such as posing a clinical question and retrieving relevant literature, and the information literacy skills needed to practice these EBP skills. Objective: This article describes the collaborative process and outcome of integrating EBP and information literacy early in a professional physical therapy and occupational therapy programme. Methods: The liaison librarian and a faculty member designed an instructional activity that included a lecture, workshop and assignment that integrated EBP skills and information literacy skills in the first year of the programme. The assignment was designed to assess students’ ability to conduct a search independently. Results: The lecture and workshop were successful in their objectives, as 101 of the 104 students received at least 8 out of 10 points on the search assignment. Conclusions: The teaching activities developed for the students in this course appear to have achieved the goal of teaching students the EBP research cycle so that they might begin to emulate it. The collaboration between the faculty member and the librarian was integral to the success of this endeavour. Future work will include the evaluation of students’ long‐term retention of information literacy objectives.     

Effectiveness of bibliographic searches performed by paediatric residents and interns assisted by librarians. A randomised controlled trial

Background: Considerable barriers still prevent paediatricians from successfully using information retrieval technology. Objectives: To verify whether the assistance of biomedical librarians significantly improves the outcomes of searches performed by paediatricians in biomedical databases using real‐life clinical scenarios. Methods: In a controlled trial at a paediatric teaching hospital, nine residents and interns were randomly allocated to an assisted search group and nine to a non‐assisted (control) group. Each participant searched Pub Med and other online sources, performing pre‐determined tasks including the formulation of a clinical question, retrieval and selection of bibliographic records. In the assisted group, participants were supported by a librarian with ≥5 years of experience. The primary outcome was the success of search sessions, scored against a specific assessment tool. Results: The median score of the assisted group was 73.6 points interquartile range (IQR = 13.4) vs. 50.4 (IQR = 17.1) of the control group. The difference between median values in the results was 23.2 points (95% CI 4.8–33.2), in favour of the assisted group (P‐value, Mann–Whitney U test: 0.013). Conclusions: The study has found quantitative evidence of a significant difference in search performance between paediatric residents or interns assisted by a librarian and those searching the literature alone.     

Evidence‐based practice: triumph of style over substance?

This feature examines the success of evidence-based practice (EBP) and the associated Cochrane Collaboration. It seeks to identify critical success factors associated with the way that both initiatives have been marketed. The simplicity of the original message used by each initiative allowed for subsequent assimilation of nuances and variants. Two implications for health librarians are highlighted; recognition that EBP is simply the embodiment of one world view and that many others may make a useful contribution and the need to craft a simple message capturing the unique selling points of the profession. To create a unique contribution health librarians require a detailed picture from market research of user information needs.