国际学科教学知识的文献计量研究

学科教学知识(PCK)自舒尔曼1986年提出以来,受到了广泛关注。通过在Web of Science核心合集中对"PCK"进行文献计量研究,辅以CiteSpace进行关键词共现等分析,可以从整体上了解国际PCK的研究现状、研究热点与研究前沿问题。通过分析发现,在研究方法上,文献计量方法的综合使用有利于形成科学而准确的结论;在研究内容上,国际PCK的研究热点与研究前沿特征词较相似,体现了创新研究的不足。     

军民融合与高等教育发展的互动关系

高等教育正成为军民融合深度发展的关键主体。军民融合为高等教育提供了新的平台与技术转移阵地、新的创新生态系统和创新发展机遇;高等教育则为军民融合提供了关键的人才资源、科技生产力和创新动力保障。当前高等教育的军民融合参与应着力解决思想观念、顶层统筹统管体制、政策法规和运行机制、工作执行力度等4方面核心问题,不断提高军民融合参与的广度、深度、强度和厚度。     

麻省理工学院新工程教育改革的形成、内容及内在逻辑

麻省理工学院进行的三次工程教育改革举世瞩目。2017年8月,该校启动了新一轮工程教育改革,其宗旨是培养能够引领未来产业发展的领导型工科人才,改革的内容涵盖工程教育的出发点、重心、教学方式和发展方向,体现出多重逻辑:从现实到未来的取向,从学科和心理的分离到整合,从学科隔离到跨学科合作,从工程实践的回归到工程教育育人本质的回归等。虽然此次改革仍存在质量保障及认证等方面的问题,但大胆创新的麻省理工精神却再次引发各国关注。该校能否以此改革契机,开启第四次工程教育改革新时代,引领世界高等工程教育发展的新方向,成了举世关注的焦点。     

Buddhist Wall Paintings at Nako Monastery,North India: Changing of the Technology Throughout Centuries

The technical study of wall paintings from the Buddhist temple complex at Nako, Western Himalayas, was one of the basic preconditions required for designing an appropriate conservation strategy. The complex, composed of four temples from the eleventh–twelfth century, offered a unique possibility to carry out a comprehensive research of technology and painting materials used in early and later western Tibetan Buddhist wall paintings as well as a comparative assessment with murals from other sites in the Western Himalayas. The study was based on extensive fieldwork and an integrated analytical approach comprising a wide range of non-destructive and micro-destructive methods. Answering the question of the coevality of paintings in the smaller temples with other original murals, the precise characterisation of binding media, the detection of the yellow dye gamboge and natural minerals posnjakite and brochantite identified for the first time in Himalayan murals, the clarification of technology of metal decoration, and the making of raised elements are some of the most exciting results which emerged from the research.     

Disciplined freedom,branded authenticity,and dependable independence: how tensions enact flexibility in lifestyle blogging careers

Analyzing 219 blog posts from 52 self-employed women lifestyle bloggers in North America, this study shows how these digital professionals navigate tensions and communicatively constitute work flexibility. In their narratives, women bloggers employed tension management approaches such as reframing, continual connections, and reflective practice in response to tensions in enacting temporal–spatial, identity, and financial flexibility. Specifically, women followed oxymoronic constructions – disciplined freedom, branded authenticity, and dependable independence – to embrace and transform competing poles of fluidity?structure, authenticity?marketability, and independence?interconnection. Expanding work–life research to the self-employed digital labor context, this study responds to recent calls to uncover more-than tension management strategies in empirical settings and contributes to a tension-centered, contextual, and processual analysis of workplace flexibility construction.     

基于WoS数据库的馆际互借与文献传递研究综述

[目的/意义]整体把握馆际互借和文献传递发展脉络,探索馆际互借和文献传递的未来发展趋势。[方法/过程]以WoS核心合集作为统计源,采用文献计量学方法对国外馆际互借与文献传递研究文献的发文时间、国家与地区、机构与作者、发表刊物等进行统计分析;利用HisCite和CiteSpace筛选出重要相关文献,在对其进行阅读归纳的基础上,进行馆际互借研究的发展脉胳与主题分析。[结果/结论]馆际互借可分为传统馆际互借时期（20世纪80年代以前）、馆际互借研究迅速发展期（1980-1990年）、文献传递快速上升期（1990-2000年）、动态发展期（2000-2016年）4个阶段,未来馆际互借员角色应更加多样化。     

一种基于相似度和信任度融合的微博内容推荐方法

[目的/意义]微博对用户获取信息和建立社交网络具有重要作用。提出一种基于相似度和信任度融合的微博内容推荐方法,能够从用户需求出发进行个性化微博内容推荐,对提高微博服务质量、改善信息过载问题具有意义。[方法/过程]基于相似度和信任度融合算法,构建微博内容推荐模型,以新浪微博为研究对象,采用编程方式获取汽车、体育、运动健身、互联网和财经5个领域的数据,展开用户相似度与信任度计算的实验分析和比较。[结果/结论]分析结果显示该方法可以有效表示和挖掘微博内容,改善微博推荐的准确性和用户满意度。     

Search boundaries: human flesh search,privacy law,and internet regulation in China

This research examines privacy law and Human Flesh Search (HFS) on the Chinese Internet. HFS is spontaneous, widely participated search and publication of targeted individuals’ personal information on the Internet. This research sees HFS as an important form of non-institutional information gathering and publication, and argues that the regulation of HFS is not only about privacy but also line-drawing for information collection and dissemination in the digital setting. Therefore, legal instruments and court cases in relation to HFS and online privacy must be assessed as important components of the Chinese state’s Internet regulatory scheme. This research finds that the paired concepts of ‘flexibility and populism,’ key features of legal reform and development in contemporary China, are highly relevant to analyze the growth of digital privacy laws in China. The political-legal authorities’ experimentation and innovation in the development of the law shed important light on how China’s Internet governance adapts to changing circumstances and strives to keep pace with profound social transformations in new technological environments.     

Alexa,Siri, Cortana,and More: An Introduction to Voice Assistants

Voice assistants are software agents that can interpret human speech and respond via synthesized voices. Apple’s Siri, Amazon’s Alexa, Microsoft’s Cortana, and Google’s Assistant are the most popular voice assistants and are embedded in smartphones or dedicated home speakers. Users can ask their assistants questions, control home automation devices and media playback via voice, and manage other basic tasks such as email, to-do lists, and calendars with verbal commands. This column will explore the basic workings and common features of today’s voice assistants. It will also discuss some of the privacy and security issues inherent to voice assistants and some potential future uses for these devices. As voice assistants become more widely used, librarians will want to be familiar with their operation and perhaps consider them as a means to deliver library services and materials.     

Overhyped Fad or Missed Opportunity? A History of Academic Libraries and the Social Web

The emergence of social media has radically transformed the way we create and consume information. These changes have in turn given rise to new models of librarianship centered on principles of participation, interaction, and collaboration. Over the last decade, academic libraries have eagerly adopted social media as a means of enhancing services and connecting with a new generation of users. But how exactly has this technology changed libraries? In what ways has the social web transformed library services or our relationships with users? This article attempts to assess the impact of social media on academic libraries in the United States through a review of the literature published since 2005. In particular, it looks at how academic libraries have used social media to improve or develop new services. By comparing published case studies with the theoretical literature, this article seeks to separate theory from practice and determine the extent to which the social web has transformed library practice. The author concludes that, despite several noteworthy examples, the majority of social library applications ultimately fail to live up to the transformative potential promised within the literature and that this failure may have more to do with philosophical rather than technical limitations.