“少教多学”的思想内涵与实践策略

“少教”即启发性地教、针对性地教、创造性地教和发展性地教;“多学”,指学生在教师的引导下走向深度学习、积极学习、独立学习。教师在教学实践中秉持“少教多学”的理念,激发学生的学习兴趣,培养学生的独立学习能力,这能从根本上减轻教学负担,提高教学效益。     

让思维导图成为初中语文自主学习的拐杖

初中语文自主学习是学生在教师指导下,以语言文字为载体,在自我认知、体会、分析、思考、解疑等语文实践中形成语言思维能力的语文学习方式与过程。思维导图是一种用图画进行思考的新的思维模式,它是把语言中的隐性思维通过导图的形式进行显性化处理,它能快速理清思路、启发联想力和概括力;在对语言文字进行图像化处理的过程中,思维导图可以促进手脑并动,激发兴趣,从而实现有效的思维训练,有利于达成自主学习的目的。     

Understanding the association between future time perspective and self-regulated learning through the lens of self-determination theory

The present cross-sectional research examined a process underlying the positive association between holding an extended future time perspective (FTP) and learning outcomes through the lens of self-determination theory. High school students and university students (N = 275) participated in the study. It was found that students with an extended FTP regulated their study behaviour on the basis of several internal motives, including feelings of guilt and shame (introjected regulation), personal conviction (identified regulation) and interest (intrinsic motivation). The association with identified regulation was strongest and the association with intrinsic motivation fell below significance when controlling for identified regulation. Moreover, introjected and identified regulation emerged as mediators accounting for the association between FTP and cognitive processing. Further, to the extent that FTP engenders an internally pressuring mode of regulation it was found to be indirectly negatively associated with determination/metacognitive strategy use. In contrast to FTP, a present fatalistic and present hedonic time-orientation yielded more negative motivational and learning correlates. The link between FTP and self-determination theory is discussed.     

Use of the one-minute preceptor as a teaching tool in the gross anatomy laboratory

The one-minute preceptor (OMP) is a time-efficient technique used for teaching in busy clinical settings. It consists of five microskills: (1) get a commitment from the student, (2) probe for supporting evidence, (3) reinforce what was done right, (4) correct errors and fill in omissions, and (5) teach a general rule. It can also be used to address structure-identification questions in gross anatomy laboratory small-group settings. The OMP is an active learner-centered teaching approach that prepares students for a style of learning that they need to master in clinical settings, provides novice anatomy teachers with an efficient and effective teaching strategy, and moves anatomy learning beyond mere name tagging to active knowledge construction.     

Enhancing children's literacy skills: designing the Q‐Tales ecosystem for children's e‐book design and publication

This article describes the conceptualisation and development of a pedagogical framework to support the design of e‐books for children to enhance literacy development. It emerged from research undertaken within the Q‐Tales international consortium project of the EU's Horizon 2020 Programme for Research and Innovation, where the aim was to facilitate key stakeholders to collaborate and participate in the online production and publication of high‐quality, educational e‐books for children. The pedagogical framework described here sought to answer the question “What concepts and principles undergird the effective design of pedagogically impactful e‐books for children?” It is grounded by the theoretical underpinnings of socio‐constructivism, constructionism and skill theory, and how they relate to children's literacy development. A framework describing different narrative forms and component features, key pedagogical activities appropriate for different stages of reading development and design recommendations regarding the integration of multimedia into e‐books are also central to the pedagogical framework. As well as informing the design of the Q‐Tales infrastructure for children's e‐book design and publication, we hope the guidelines and pedagogical activities enumerated here will be widely useful for those designing and developing digital, interactive narratives, particularly e‐books to enhance children's emerging literacy.     

公文式数学学习法对聋儿康复效果影响的研究

聋儿听力损伤导致了教育个体极大差异和全面发展的不均衡。如何为聋儿提供最少受限制的教育环境一直是康复教育科研的努力方向和目标。公文式数学学习法在普通学校、普通幼儿园得到家长和教师的认同 ,使儿童的发展获得了良好的效果。对此法在聋儿康复教育领域的初步研究将为改进和完善聋儿个别化康复教育方案提供有益的借鉴     

Principles of evolutionary educational psychology

Evolutionary educational psychology is the study of the relation between evolved systems of folk knowledge and inferential and attributional biases as these relate to academic learning in modern society. Following discussion and illustration of the mechanisms of natural selection and their application to human motivational, cognitive, and behavioral evolution, the basic premises and principles of evolutionary educational psychology are outlined. The gist is that the evolved cognitive systems and inferential biases that define folk knowledge are not sufficient for academic learning, but, at the same time, are the foundation from which academic competencies are built. A theoretical frame outlining the relation between folk knowledge and academic development is proposed and implications for motivational issues and instructional practices are detailed.     

大四师范生专业承诺与学习倦怠调查研究

本文采用纵向研究设计方法,对大四师范生进行了专业承诺和学习倦怠的研究,旨在探讨师范生专业承诺状况,为大学生职业心理咨询和干预提供理论依据.研究结果表明：①大四师范生专业承诺整体水平处于中等水平（83.98±12.23）,继续承诺最低（16.71±2.87）;②总承诺、情感承诺、理想承诺、规范承诺、继续承诺随着时间的增长有下降的趋势,其中,继续承诺前后测的得分存在显著性差异（t =2.413,p＜0.05）.③学习倦怠的水平较高（59.83±6.57）,其中成就感低最为严重（19.42 ±3.08）;④总倦怠、情绪低落、成就感低随着时间的增长有上升的趋势.因此加强对师范大学生进行职业心理辅导,可激发大学生学习积极性和增强大学生职业信心.     

语言磨蚀的主要理论简介及其对教与学的启示

语言磨蚀理论研究对保持外语能力,提高外语学习效率具有重要意义。同时,语言磨蚀理论对高校英语教与学有着重要的启示作用。文章通过简要分析语言磨蚀的主要理论,对教与学分别提出针对性的指导意见,以使其更具实践可操作性。     

浅谈如何提高民族地区英语专业学生自主阅读能力

随着元认知策略的兴起,自主学习模式越来越受到广大学习者和教育者的关注。本文分析了民族地区英语专业学生英语自主阅读现状,提出了一些提高英语自主阅读能力的方法,旨在帮助学生养成良好的自主阅读习惯,提高英语自主阅读能力。