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81.
Physical education (PE) lessons involve complex and dynamic interactive sequences between students, equipment and teacher. The potential for unexpected and/or unintended events is relatively large, a point reflected in an increasing amount of scholarship dealing with classroom management (CM). This scholarship further suggests that unexpected and disruptive events negatively impact on learning and can have deleterious effects on teacher health. Despite considerable potential for these kinds of events, many PE lessons occur in structured, organized ways. The broad purpose of this paper is to consider how classroom action becomes ordered in PE contexts. To this end, an interactional approach is put forward including the specific analytic concepts of directives, epistemic authority and deontic authority. To exemplify the approach, the micro-dynamics of a situation in which a group of students are building a human pyramid is examined. The examination draws attention to: how the teacher engages in a series of interactions with the students to move the sequence forward; how the students themselves achieve order through their interactions with one another; and how the characteristics of the activity help to organize the students' behaviors and limit possibilities for action. The discussion is located against a backdrop of current CM scholarship. Reference is also made to two aspects of social context: the increasing prominence of managerial discourse in educational arenas and the significance of student-centeredness in pedagogical theory. Both aspects appear to influence how order can be achieved in PE today. The analysis raises issues related to pedagogy, management and authority which are addressed in the final two sections of the paper. 相似文献
82.
学业不良儿童的社会信息加工是当前学业不良研究的一个重要领域。本文从学业不良儿童社会信息加工的阶段及其特点,社会信息加工与各影响因素之间关系这两个角度出发,对现有研究进行梳理,并进行了简要评价与展望。 相似文献
83.
Martin Weiss Alexandra Newman Ceri Whitmore Stephan Weiss 《European Journal of Sport Science》2016,16(4):393-401
Sprint and distance running have experienced remarkable performance improvements over the past century. Attempts to forecast running performances share an almost similarly long history but have relied so far on relatively short data series. Here, we compile a comprehensive set of season-best performances for eight Olympically contested running events. With this data set, we conduct (1) an exponential time series analysis and (2) a power-law experience curve analysis to quantify the rate of past performance improvements and to forecast future performances until the year 2100. We find that the sprint and distance running performances of women and men improve exponentially with time and converge at yearly rates of 4% ± 3% and 2% ± 2%, respectively, towards their asymptotic limits. Running performances can also be modelled with the experience curve approach, yielding learning rates of 3% ± 1% and 6% ± 2% for the women's and men's events, respectively. Long-term trends suggest that: (1) women will continue to run 10–20% slower than men, (2) 9.50 s over 100 m dash may only be broken at the end of this century and (3) several middle- and long-distance records may be broken within the next two to three decades. The prospects of witnessing a sub-2 hour marathon before 2100 remain inconclusive. Our results should be interpreted cautiously as forecasting human behaviour is intrinsically uncertain. The future season-best sprint and distance running performances will continue to scatter around the trends identified here and may yield unexpected improvements of standing world records. 相似文献
84.
建立学习型政府,实质上就是要在政府机构中引入学习型组织的管理模式和理念,进行以愿景为基础的学习管理,以提高政府组织的适应性。然而,建设学习型政府不可避免地会遇到许多现实障碍。而且,在政府组织中,由于其自身的特殊性,还存在着不同于企业组织的特属于政府组织的学习障碍。为此必须采取相应的对策。 相似文献
85.
吉云辉 《山西广播电视大学学报》2006,11(2):65-66
在开放教育教师与学生在时空上准分离的情况下,对学生学习过程的有效监控十分困难,为此,试图从导学教师对学生学习过程监控入手,就监控的标准、内容、途径等问题做一探讨。 相似文献
86.
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88.
郑太年 《连云港师范高等专科学校学报》2005,(2):14-18
课程观念、观点的转变,使课程视野中课程内容选择的文化关涉问题转向学习中学习者所承载的社会文化属性问题。对于学习中的社会文化因素的研究,继承和发展了维果茨基学派关于学习和人的发展的观点并形成了相对完整的研究方法和理路。文章在分析上述研究变迁之后,提出研究文化与学习问题的三个切入口,一是社会文化环境对学习提供的知识基础,二是学习者在特定文化背景中形成的已有知识经验的多样性,三是学习者所处的社会文化的特质。 相似文献
89.
高职"产学研"联盟策略探析 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
文章在分析高职“产学研”联盟现状的基础上,探讨了协议联盟、订单式联盟、中介联盟、合资联盟、官产学联盟等不同形式的联盟策略,并指出高职“产学研”联盟应该注意的几个问题。 相似文献
90.
覃士艺 《桂林师范高等专科学校学报》2003,17(1):49-52
探讨不同的语言学习观如何影响学习者学习策略的选择,强调外语学习者应树立正确的语言学习观以及培养适合、有效的学习策略的重要性。 相似文献