Early Mathematical Growth: How to Support Young Children’s Mathematical Development

The purpose of this critical analysis was to investigate the young children’s sense of numerical magnitudes and the important attributes of classrooms where children in kindergarten and first grade are exposed to mathematics. This study aimed to offer guidelines that will assist teachers as they teach mathematics to children between the ages of five and seven.     

The Role of Students’ Personality Characteristics, Self-Perceived Competence and Learning Conceptions in the Acquisition and Development of Social Communicative Competence: A Longitudinal Study

An important purpose of higher social work education is to guide students to acquire and develop social-communicative competencies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role students’ personality characteristics, self-perceived communicative competence and learning conceptions play in the acquisition and development of social-communicative competencies. We designed and tested a hypothetical model on the student-related variables – self-perceived communicative competence, learning conceptions and reported learning activities regarding communication – in relation to performance scores. We were interested in developmental trends in the above mentioned variables. We also wanted to gain insight into the relationships among the variables. The study was set up according to a longitudinal, within-subjects design in order to study intra-individual changes. One-hundred and twenty-three first-year social-work students participated in this study. Many changes were found in students characteristics, reported deployed learning activities and study results during their first academic year. Except for confidence in “showing sympathy”, which was already relatively high at the beginning of the study, all scores on aspects of students’ self-perceived social-communicative competence increased. Assessment scores on comparable communication tests also increased significantly. Extraversion and emotional stability were the only two personality characteristics, which seemed rather stable. Agreeableness decreased while autonomy increased continuously during the first academic year. It seemed to be possible to set up a model, which may serve as a starting point for further research into the development of social-communicative competence.     

The Application of an Adaptive Web-Based Learning Environment on Oxidation–Reduction Reactions

The World Wide Web is increasingly being used as a vehicle for flexible learning, where learning is seen to be free from time, geographical, and participation constraints. In addition to flexibility, the Web facilitates student-centered approaches, creating a motivating and active learning environment. The purpose of this study is to set up an adaptive learning environment on Internet and to experiment with the most suitable methods and applications. Our goal is to provide a better solution with regard to the related distance learning research. All the resources and background are from current relevant documents on the theory of asynchronous distance education. We set up an adaptive Internet learning system based on learning theory and related learning models. Our research targets are those students who took the ‘Life Chemistry’ course for the asynchronous distance education environment at Providence University at Taiwan. The students were divided randomly into two groups: the experimental group, which was in an adaptive learning environment and the controlled group, which was in a non-adaptive one. We used the American Chemistry Society Test Bank as our research tool and used SPSS to analyse the data we obtained. Results show that the experimental group in the adaptive learning environment out-performs the controlled group. In addition, those students who are field independent learning types, have higher pre-knowledge, are male, in science departments and have a longer study time span in an adaptive learning environment show much greater achievement levels than those in the opposite situations.     

中国内地教师领导的障碍与条件

研究证明,教师领导对教师专业发展和提高学生的学术成就有一定的好处。然而,教师领导不会自动实现,它需要人为的努力,并为其扫清障碍。在中国内地,教师领导面临着三大障碍:(1)行政权力对教师自主与选择的压抑;(2)应试教育对教师领导多方面的破坏;(3)行政对骨干教师各方面的支持不足。与此相应,发展教师领导需要三个基本条件:一是权力下放和市场介入,二是重建教师发展的专业价值,三是学校领导给予领袖教师更多的支持。     

关于陕南高校发展现代远程教育的若干思考

现代远程教育在我国主要有三种形式,即高等学校现代远程教育、农村中小学现代远程教育、全国教师教育网络联盟计划。目前,高等学校现代远程教育正处在试点阶段,试点高校均为国内名牌高校。陕南高校作为地方性和区域性高等学校,要想成为试点高校是不现实的,但可以设立试点高校的校外学习中心。文章对陕南高校设立校外学习中心的意义、有利条件以及如何做大做强校外学习中心等问题进行了分析和思考。     

高职院校工学结合人才培养现状与对策研究

文章从学校和企业两个方面概括了目前高职院校工学结合人才培养的现状,分析了工学结合人才培养实践中存在的问题及其原因,提出了建立良性工学结合人才培养运行机制的对策。     

微型冷热电联产系统动力装置的参数优化

建立了内燃机的通用数学模型,提出了内燃机的运行经济区.得出了改装后的LJ276M型内燃机的数学模型,并界定了此内燃机的运行经济区的边界范围,分析了此内燃机的运行优化曲线和最佳运行工况点.针对动力系统的冷热电、热电和供电3种操作模式,分别建立了能量转换数学模型,优化了动力装置的内燃机/变速箱传送比ies、电动机/变速箱传送比ims和电动机/内燃机传送比ime.结果表明：在冷热电模式下,ies和ims的优化值分别为2.9和1;在热电模式下,当动力系统需求负荷小于内燃机运行经济区的下限值时,ime取1,而当动力系统需求负荷超过内燃机运行经济区的下限值时,ime取0.85;在供电模式下,ims的最优值取2.5.     

"学中做"和"做中学"的教学分析

＂做中学,学中做＂就是要自己动手,在实践中观察和思考,以悟得新知;同时将习得的知识与具体的生活实践相联系,学以致用,活学活用。实施＂学中做＂与＂做中学＂是行动导向教学设计的重要手段之一。     

地效飞行器动力增升系统安装位置的实验研究

本文通过模型实验研究了动力增升系统的安装位置对典型地效飞行器静态推力恢复和静态升力的影响,进而研究了改变动力增升系统的安装位置后,飞行器起飞距离、起飞速度和升力系数的变化,并探讨了主翼端板对上述实验结果的影响。实验结果证明,设计合理的动力增升系统能够在保持地效飞行器纵向稳定性的同时能有效改善起飞性能。