Do karate fighters use situational probability information to improve decision-making performance during on-mat tasks?

This study examined the contribution of situational probability information to the perceptual and cognitive processes underlying decision-making behaviour during in situ Karate performance. Experts and novices were required to make decisions about various attacks in different fight scenarios. The order in which the fight situations were presented was modified in order to provide advanced probability information and identify whether fighters were able to use the latter information to make better decisions. Specifically, one of the attacks was repeated every four actions. Results revealed that experts were more accurate and faster than their less skilled counterparts to block and counterattack the opponent. The experts picked up the occurrence of the attack pattern after the fifth repetition whereas novices did not. This enabled experts to improve decision time and decision accuracy. Findings suggest that such superiority could stem from the perceptual and cognitive skills possessed by the experts, thus giving them the opportunity to recognise a situation more easily. This was reinforced by gaze behaviour which demonstrated that experts used a more efficient search strategy involving fewer fixations of longer duration on a lesser number of areas relative to the novices. Moreover, experts generated more refined karate-specific knowledge structures compared with the novices.     

The key to success in elite athletes? Explicit and implicit motor learning in youth elite and non-elite soccer players

In sports, fast and accurate execution of movements is required. It has been shown that implicitly learned movements might be less vulnerable than explicitly learned movements to stressful and fast changing circumstances that exist at the elite sports level. The present study provides insight in explicit and implicit motor learning in youth soccer players with different expertise levels. Twenty-seven youth elite soccer players and 25 non-elite soccer players (aged 10–12) performed a serial reaction time task (SRTT). In the SRTT, one of the sequences must be learned explicitly, the other was implicitly learned. No main effect of group was found for implicit and explicit learning on mean reaction time (MRT) and accuracy. However, for MRT, an interaction was found between learning condition, learning phase and group. Analyses showed no group effects for the explicit learning condition, but youth elite soccer players showed better learning in the implicit learning condition. In particular, during implicit motor learning youth elite soccer showed faster MRTs in the early learning phase and earlier reached asymptote performance in terms of MRT. Present findings may be important for sports because children with superior implicit learning abilities in early learning phases may be able to learn more (durable) motor skills in a shorter time period as compared to other children.     

物理学习兴趣探究

从不同的角度对物理学习兴趣进行分类,分析物理学习兴趣的差异性,指出学习兴趣在学习中的作用。     

科技创新与构建福建特色的学习型社会

阐述科技创新是将科技成果直接转化到经济社会活动中以获得实际绩效的过程。在现代社会中,科技创新已经带来了学习型社会的构建。指出我省在构建有福建特色的学习型社会的过程中要注意提高全省人民的科技创新的社会认同感,科技创新应实现与自然、经济和社会的协调发展。     

将项目驱动教学法与校企联合有机统一到软件工程课程的课堂改革中

软件工程课程具有很强的实践性。本文通过分析目前教学方法中存在的问题,探讨将校企联合深入引入到软件工程课程的实践中。同时运用分组、角色扮演等项目驱动教学法按照软件开发的过程完成一个完整的课题,从而提高学生分析、解决问题以及团队协作的能力。     

基础教育课程改革与学校重建——基于"学习共同体"的理念

"学校在风雨飘摇之中",风雨飘摇之中的学校呼唤重建.因此,创建学习共同体或合作型学习组织已成为国际教育学界的共同愿景,同时也为当前我国基础教育课程改革中的学校组织重建提供了重要启示.基础教育课程改革提倡合作学习,这种学习方式的转变为创建合作型学习组织提供了基础.基于国内外有关合作型学校的研究成果,提出如下建议:建立对话型学校文化;要做"领导者",不做"管理者";创建共同愿景.     

扩招后地方区域性高校教学管理改革探讨

大扩招给地方区域性高校带来了发展机遇,也给学校的教学和管理带来了许多问题,本文就地方区域性高校扩招后所面临的教学管理问题进行探讨,力求提出一些解决问题的办法.     

影响学生学习心理的因素及对策

探究学生学习心理的特点,对提高课堂教学效率起着积极的作用.教师要提高自身素质,调动学生的学习心理积极性,提高课堂教学质量.     

关于英语态度学习的心理分析

英语态度是一种学科态度，学生通过学习获得这种态度。态度学习即态度的形成和改变，英语态度的习得要经历顺从、认同、内化三个阶段，学习的条件包括：认知和情感基础、学习心向、认知失衡、知觉判断、强化、成功体验、榜样示范等内、外在条件。