本三类工程图学教学方法研究--参加青年教师讲课比赛的感悟

本文针对如何上好“本三”模式的图学课程的问题,以作者亲身参加青年教师讲课比赛活动的经历为依据,总结了参赛后的切身感悟,提出了新课的导入很重要、多媒体教学手段要灵活运用、讲课语言要有艺术性等观点。     

“系统动力学基础”教学准备与课程设计

“系统动力学基础”是培养学员系统思维、因果思维,以及利用建模仿真方法解决复杂系统实际问题的理论性与实践性兼备的一门课程。本文从课程教学准备与课程设计角度出发,探讨了在教学准备阶段需要了解授课对象的基本情况,精心选取教材,积极参加教学交流;在课程整体设计阶段需要系统做好顶层设计,科学选取教学内容,准确把握课程特色。     

信息共享、应急协同与多源物资储备的关系研究

应急物资是否足量储备是影响后续救援调度的关键。现实世界的应急物资储备方式是多源的,因此多源物资的协同储备就成为应急准备阶段的关键问题。根据实地调研的数据计算出上海市某区域的交通事故的密度函数,借用需求连续随机的存储模型对该地区的最优资源存储量进行计算,发现区域内应急救援物资储备的绝对数量不足,而且多个储备源间的调度障碍很大,应急救援调度会出现严重的困难。针对该问题,使用结构方程模型,通过调查问卷的形式得出应急救援物资储备协同的影响因素。问卷数据验证了模型的有效性和拟合程度,进一步通过路径系数检验出结构方程模型整体的拟合度。研究发现:事件因素、技术因素、部门权限因素以及部门沟通因素均可以通过正向影响信息沟通共享机制进一步正向影响应急救援资源的协同储备能力。并对该地区的应急救援物资协同制度改进路径提出可行性的建议。     

方法与工具：教师课堂观察的必要准备

课堂观察的方法与工具,需要在观察前进行整体设计。只有根据观察主题与任务选择合适的方法与工具,课堂观察和观察后的评课、议课才能有的放矢。当前中小学的课堂观察准备过程必须要明确其类型,确定其原则,掌握其基本流程;这样才能进行精准、有效的研究,为直接提高课堂教学效益发挥其应有的作用。     

英语专业师范生说课实践中的问题分析及对策

在教学实践中开展"说课"是全面提高师范类学生教学水平的重要环节.文章根据近几年小教英语专业学生说课考核情况,分析了"说课"过程中存在的主要问题,探讨了提高师范生"说课"能力的对策与途径,对今后的教育教学具有一定的指导意义.     

我国本科层次教师教育专业人才培养方案研究

通过对30所院校的192份本科层次的教师教育专业或师范专业人才培养方案的分析发现,当前师范专业培养人才的类型、胜任工作类型和适于任职单位都呈现出多样化特点;不同培养方案对“培养目标”和“培养规格”应该包括哪些内容没有形成一致的意见;培养方案对教师培养的认识存在差异,尤其是对未来教师需要掌握哪些知识、能力、职业道德存在不同的理解,对未来教师是否需要掌握这些内容也有不同的认识;培养方案没有借鉴当前教师培养、教师知识的研究成果。本研究对培养方案的改进提出建议。     

An Australian perspective on school leadership preparation and development: credentials or self-management?

This paper provides a review of school leadership preparation and development in Australia through considering the requirements for becoming a principal, how leadership preparation and development occurs, and consideration of recent developments to provide an Australian standard for school leaders. Australian educators have relied mostly on a self-identification and self-managed system in which individuals decide that they want to pursue leadership opportunities and then seek out the support and experiences to help them. Support is available and provided through system, university, and service organization programmes, and the support of colleagues and senior leaders in schools. Whilst there is an extensive range of support provided by systems, universities and service organizations, there is little evidence of their impact on schools. At the school level there needs to be far greater support in identifying and developing leaders. Developments in creating a national leadership standard might lead to some type of credentialing programme that could allow individuals to benchmark their development, and ensure that preparation and support programmes are of the highest quality. An alternative view is to reinforce greater individual responsibility for leadership development and career progress, encourage schools and systems to focus less on individual leadership and more on collective leadership, and consider more innovative ways of providing leadership development.     

Professionalisation policies in the ECEC field: trends and tensions in the Italian context

In recent times, a growing consensus has emerged, among researchers and policy-makers, that a well-educated, competent and adequately supported workforce is crucial for the quality of early childhood education and care (ECEC). Despite governmental initiatives aimed to enhance the professional preparation and continuing development of early years practitioners being high on the political agenda of many EU member states, very few studies are analysing professionalisation policy developments and their implications within the national contexts of ECEC. Against this background, the article describes the key features of ECEC policies in Italy and their current trends by focussing specifically on the professionalisation of early childhood practitioners working across 0–3 and 3–6 services. Drawing on the data collected from documentary sources and interviews with key informants, this paper will critically review policy discourses as well as recurring themes and tensions arising from the academic and political debate. The findings from our analysis highlight that the increasing discontinuity characterising professionalisation initiatives across the 0–3 and 3–6 sector might lead to widening the gap among professionals working in such services. The risks that are associated with this trend are, on the one side, to devalue the educational role of 0–3 services and, on the other, to produce the schoolification of educational practices in 3–6 services. In addition, our analysis identified inconsistencies between initial and continuing professional development policies, which are progressively creating a dichotomy between initial and in-service training. The consequences of this process might produce, on the long term, the fragmentation of the ECEC system across public and private not-for-profit provision with the subsequent risk of impoverishing the local culture of childhood on which the Italian ECEC system has traditionally built its strength.     

Teacher knowledge: a complex tapestry

Teachers need to know a great deal, in many areas and in multiple ways. Teacher knowledge is a complex tapestry, and teachers must successfully weave the multiple threads. In this article, I present a conceptualisation of teacher knowledge that provides a framework for describing the complexity of teacher knowledge. The framework describes three ways of knowing: “knowing how,” “knowing why,” and “knowing what” and then applies these three knowledge discourses across six domains of teacher knowledge. The framework was developed from a study of 14 teachers in their first year of teaching, and in this article the framework is applied to their experiences to illustrate specific gaps in their teacher knowledge. It is proposed that this conceptualisation of teacher knowledge allows those involved in teacher education and induction to more clearly identify professional learning needs and develop their programmes with specificity.     

译前准备对交替传译质量的影响

该文为一篇口译实践报告,笔者通过参加以色列专家宁夏行——农牧组的翻译工作,学到很多关于农业方面的知识,尤其是节水灌溉、有机农业、以及设施农业。同时也充分认识到,要做好口译工作需要充分的译前准备以及适当的临场应变策略。在本篇报告中,笔者试图通过分析其在此次工作当中的翻译实例,说明充分的译前准备对翻译的质量有积极影响,而译前准备不足对翻译质量有消极影响,并向读者说明如何科学合理地进行译前准备工作,以及在准备不充分的时候如何快速地进行临场应变。并且通过案例分析,让读者更加直观地理解译前准备的作用,以及临场应变能力的重要性。希望本篇实践报告能对译员进行此类翻译活动有一定的帮助。