The Origin of Language and its Link with Music according to the Theory of Jābir ibn [Hdot]ayyān

Jābir ibn [Hdot]ayyān took advantage of the vast translation enterprise of Greek scientific works into Arabic. He quotes from these sources, including several whose Greek originals are lost. His works can be likened to the encyclopedia of Ikhwān al-[Sdot]afā’, the most important transmission of Pythagorean tradition. In this Epistle on Music the Ikhwān followed Jābir's method, and perhaps were influenced by him, in analysing the relationship between language and music, together with the arithmetical speculations that were widely influential. In this article, I have attempted to collect Jābir's scattered ideas on the origin of language and music trying to assemble the major ones in a coherent exposition.     

Sultan Barqūq and his Complaining Subjects in the Royal Stables

In 789/1387, Sultan al-?āhir Barqūq (r. 784–792/1382–89, 793–802/1390–99), the founder of the Circassian Mamluk State, moved the royal ma?ālim sessions for hearing petitions from Dār al-‘Adl, the time-honoured building at the centre of the Cairo Citadel, to the Royal Stables situated in the peripheral and lower enclosure of the Citadel. Thereafter, Barqūq utilised the stable area as a stronghold of his new paternalistic rule. This paper examines the background, political intention, and social meaning of this important change, with special attention to various actions of urban and rural Egyptian people during the two reigns of the sultan.     

刘翔110m栏成绩的回顾与分析

采用文献资料法、数理统计法、综合分析法,对刘翔从2004年进入世界级水平到2006年多哈亚运会期间的国际大型赛事成绩进行分析研究,结果显示：刘翔在亚洲比赛平均成绩是13秒14,在欧、美比赛平均成绩是13秒0325;刘翔110m栏好成绩大部分是在欧洲高水平赛事上获得的。刘翔保持提高110m栏成绩的方法是继续参加欧洲高水平赛事,以此保持良好的竞赛水平。     

优秀女子400米栏运动员栏间节奏特征分析

本文采用文献资料调研、对比分析等研究方法,分析国内外优秀女子400m栏运动员合理地分配全程速度,栏间步数和变换摆腿的能力等因素。发现我国女子400m栏运动员在速度分配和运动节奏方面与国外优秀运动员存在较大差异,对相关因素进行进一步探讨研究,为提高我国在该项目上的成绩贡献绵薄之力。     

百米跑训练方法的研究

百米跑是以创造最高速度为特征的周期性运动,是典型的向人类生理极限挑战的运动。百米训练方法的选用及其效果直接依赖于身体内的变化,因此,掌握运动中身体变化规律,对于指导运动训练是非常必要的。短跑项目的训练难度较大,运动员既需要有较强的速度能力,又需要有较好的速度耐力才能取得优异成绩。主要从成绩的比较和能量系统的特点,以文献资料法、数理统计法对短跑运动员的速度耐力训练问题进行了讨论和分析,提出了一些主要的训练方法,供短跑运动员在训练中参考。     

男子110m高栏跨栏步摆动腿的技术特点

跨栏步是跨栏跑的关键技术,在跨栏步中,其摆动腿动作正确与否将直接影响跨栏步动作质量。本文依据跨栏步中摆动腿动作应遵循的生物力学原理,借鉴世界优秀跨栏运动员的摆动腿技术动作加以分析研究。在此基础上,对摆动腿技术动作进行了描述和概括,提出了摆动腿在整个跨栏步中合理性、经济性、实效性的动作规格。     

刍议田径比赛中的风速测量问题

运用文献资料、专家访谈、逻辑推理和测量法等研究方法,对近六十年来国际田联田径竞赛规则中风速测量的问题进行探讨.分析了风速测量的演变及其意义和2008年北京奥运会测量风速项目的成绩和风速情况.通过研究提出:风速测量已多年没有变,这可能已经影响或即将影响世界纪录的产生;风速测量的时值需要修改,即男子100m风速测9s,男子110m栏测12s,女子100m栏测12s,男女200m从领先运动员进入直道起测9s.并建议中国田径协会对此问题予以考虑,且在适当时机向国际田径联合会提出.     

A Thirteenth-Century Scholar in the Eastern Mediterranean: Sirāj al-Dīn Urmavī, Jurist,Logician, Diplomat

This essay examines the career of the Shafi?ī jurist and logician Sirāj al-Dīn Urmavī (1198–1283), who combined his scholarly and judicial activities with ambassadorial appointments to Frederick II, King of Sicily and Holy Roman Emperor, and the Ilkhan Hülegü. Originally from Azerbaijan, Sirāj al-Dīn spent most of his professional life in Ayyūbid Cairo and, from 1257, in Seljuk Konya, where he spent the final decades of his life as chief qadi. Through a contextualised reading of the extant biographical information for Sirāj al-Dīn, the article draws particular attention to two aspects of his physical and professional trajectory. First, the essay situates Sirāj al-Dīn's career in the context of processes of cultural change in thirteenth-century Anatolia. It seeks to demonstrate both the transfer and adaptation to the Anatolian urban milieu of social–cultural patterns attested for the a?yān in neighbouring predominantly Muslim societies, and the shaping of the social and cultural functions of immigrant scholars to Anatolia by local conditions. Second, the article identifies Sirāj al-Dīn as a prominent participant in an intellectual community engaged in inter-cultural exchange across political and confessional boundaries in the thirteenth-century eastern Mediterranean.     

高职院校学生综合素质现状及对策研究

高职院校加强学生综合素质的教育,是培养高技能应用型人才的必然要求。当前高职学生存在的倾向主要有：以自我为中心的价值观,理想信念模糊,社会责任感不强;文化基础知识薄弱,自我学习动力不足,能力不强;缺乏创新意识和执着钻研的精神;缺乏准确的自我定位,心理素质脆弱等问题。通过分析问题产生的原因,有针对性地提出了加强高职学生综合素质及建立科学合理的学生综合素质培养质量保障体系的具体措施。     

对800m跑的能量代谢特点及对策探析

从800m跑的能量供应入手，分析800m跑的能量代谢基本特征。并对800m运动员的速度能力、速度耐力能力及跑的基本技术进行了探讨，揭示800m跑项目存在的一些问题，并提出了改进的手段及方法。