环境伦理学视野中的“生态化”人生观

从实践要求和理论品性来看,一种完整的环境伦理学理论必然包含着一种关于人生观的理解。本文主要探讨罗尔斯顿环境伦理理论和深生态学关于人生观的主张与见解, 从而指出环境伦理学理论包含着一种“生态化”人生观。相对于现代社会盛行的人生观来说, “生态化”人生观是基于人生之生命层面的,尊重自然的,后物质主义的人生观。它作为一种新的人生观理论具有重要现实意义。     

Teacher support,student motivation,student need satisfaction,and college teacher course evaluations: testing a sequential path model

Self‐determination theory posits that individuals who have basic psychological needs satisfied while engaging in an activity will be more likely to value and persist in that activity. Scholars in this area have also posited that autonomy‐supportive social contexts are top‐down determinants of individual need satisfaction. To understand better the progression from social to motivational to outcome variables, we tested a four‐step path model within a classroom setting. Data were collected from 220 students in an introductory journalism course, which was subdivided into 14 lab sections. Students were surveyed regarding their feelings about the course, the autonomy support of the instructor, the motivation they felt to engage in the course, and the levels of need satisfaction they experienced. Theoretically‐guided structural equation modeling produced a best‐fitting model in which teacher autonomy support predicted more self‐determined student motivation, which along with teacher autonomy support predicted greater student psychological need satisfaction, which led finally to higher predicted course grades and higher teacher‐course evaluations. Overall, the results replicate and significantly extend previous findings regarding need satisfaction and teacher‐course evaluations. Implications for pedagogy and educational interventions are discussed.     

Learning for an unknown context: a comparative case study on some Swedish and Polish Political Science students' experiences of the transition from university to working life

This comparative small‐scale (Swedish and Polish sample) longitudinal qualitative study investigates political science students' conceptions of their studies, their future profession and their workplace learning. The students (10 in Sweden and 11 in Poland) were interviewed twice, first when they were at the end of their studies and a second time when they had worked for approximately one year. The questions asked were designed to try to understand the transition from higher education to work life. The results indicate that they bring with them a set of academic generic skills from their education when they enter working life. Furthermore, the students in the two countries have very different perceptions of the subject Political Science, and the expectations they have regarding their studies and future working life also differ considerably.     

The antecedents of teacher satisfaction with professional development programs

Literature has shown that on-the-job professional development programs are most beneficial when they are long-term, focused on students’ learning, and linked to the curricula. We hypothesized that the higher the control teachers have over job professional development processes, and the greater the resemblance of these processes to the typical teaching culture in classrooms, the greater the teachers’ satisfaction with job professional development processes. The findings of this study demonstrate that the main factors affecting teachers’ satisfaction with the instructional programs are related to their desire to maintain instructional processes “close to home”, and to shape these processes in accordance with their needs and expectations. The implications of the study are discussed with relation to decision-makers in the school setting and at the local authorities’ level.     

Planning for the 2040s: everybody's business

As we mark the publication of the 35th issue of the British Journal of Special Education, Peter Mittler, Emeritus Professor of Special Needs Education at the University of Manchester, looks into the future and asks a series of challenging questions: What kind of a future do we want to see for a baby born with a significant disability today? What changes will be needed in society and in our schools both for the child and for the family? What reforms might this year's newly qualified staff bring about in our schools and services and in society as a whole by the time they retire in the 2040s? Professor Mittler proposes that the time is ripe to take advantage of new international and national opportunities to lay the foundations for a society that fully includes disabled people and safeguards their basic human rights. He argues that each one of us can help to determine the values and priorities of the society in which today's baby will grow up and suggests that the Make Poverty History movement has provided powerful evidence that the voice of ordinary citizens can shape policies and set priorities. He encourages us all to think globally and to act locally on a host of issues, including supporting families, planning for transition, promoting quality of life, professional development and challenging inequality.     

“生命课堂”理论价值与实践路径的探寻

课堂教学功能与形式从"知识课堂"到"智能课堂"再到"生命课堂",不仅反映了教育哲学观的变迁,也反映了课堂教学实际的迫切呼声和师生生命发展的主体需要。"生命课堂"与其他课堂教学形式相比有其自身的显著特征,它的构建要以学生主动参与、积极活动为主线来进行。     

历史唯物主义视域下的伦理突破——论马克思伦理思想的特质

马克思的伦理思想在伦理思想史上具有重要的转折意义,分析和理解这种转折意义应从马克思创立历史唯物主义的目标指向和历史唯物主义的本质意义上来进行。将人的完善、社会的发展、历史的进步这三者统一起来,是马克思伦理道德观念展示的宏阔背景或根本内涵。而在社会主义道德建设过程中,坚持以人为本,坚持从我国国情出发,克服道德说教,都是符合马克思的道德思想的。     

德育生活化模式构建的思考

传统德育模式在实践中存在诸多弊端,构建价值取向人本化、德育内容生活化、德育方法现代化、实施载体多样化、评价机制科学化的德育生活化模式的理路正是对这些弊端的补救。这对提高德育实效性,促进人的全面发展,具有十分重要的理论意义和现实价值。     

贴近生活领悟生活——试谈作文教学导向

作文能力是语文能力的综合体现,生活给学生提供了取之不尽用之不竭的创作源泉。然而,在应试教育的高压之下,学生远离生活,缺乏对生活的领悟,没有自己的思想与灵魂的套路作文是时下作文教学的最大弊端。扭转这种状况的关键在于革新作文教学理念,打破封闭的课堂教学模式,引导学生做生活的主人,生动而深刻地领悟生活。     

从《挪威的森林》看日本20世纪60年代青年的生存状态

《挪威的森林》是日本作家村上春树的长篇小说,它既表现出高超的艺术实力,也有最贴近生活的符号背景,是村上以无数真实的都市生活场景贴出的无奈人生,并以此折射出日本战后伴随着经济发展的新一代青年的生存状态。