Should Science be Taught in Early Childhood?

This essay considers the question of why we should teach science to K-2. After initial consideration of two traditional reasons for studying science, six assertions supporting the idea that even small children should be exposed to science are given. These are, in order: (1) Children naturally enjoy observing and thinking about nature. (2) Exposing students to science develops positive attitudes towards science. (3) Early exposure to scientific phenomena leads to better understanding of the scientific concepts studied later in a formal way. (4) The use of scientifically informed language at an early age influences the eventual development of scientific concepts. (5) Children can understand scientific concepts and reason scientifically. (6) Science is an efficient means for developing scientific thinking. Concrete illustrations of some of the ideas discussed in this essay, particularly, how language and prior knowledge may influence the development of scientific concepts, are then provided. The essay concludes by emphasizing that there is a window of opportunity that educators should exploit by presenting science as part of the curriculum in both kindergarten and the first years of primary school.     

中国社会发展新思维

当代中国经济持续、快速发展，突飞猛进，首次载人航天飞行圆满成功，标志着我国的综合国力和科技实力进一步增强；国人正从温饱社会向小康社会迈进。然而，我们也应当清醒地看到我国的社会结构却没有得到相应、及时地调整，社会共公事业没有得到相应的发展，管理体制还相当落后，城乡发展差别较大，伦理道德建设缓慢进行，法律制度尚未健全。为此，我们要清醒看到经济社会发展存在的矛盾和问题，要着眼当前，立足长远，用改革和发展的办法认真加以解决。     

思维模式差异与英文写作

东西方思维模式存在差异。西方人遵循单向式思维模式,而东方人则遵循多向式思维模式。表现在写作上,西方人倾向借助线性发展模式,而东方人则常使用螺旋型模式展开语段。思维模式的差异导致了许多中国学生在英文写作中缺乏连贯性和逻辑性。为改变这一现状,教师可引导学生运用写作图式,尝试将"支架"理论引入写作教学,加强写作连贯性和逻辑性的训练。     

在存在性与个人性之间:课程本质的再思考

在新课程改革推进的过程中还存在一些问题,反映出一些教师对课程本质和新课程要求的理解仍然存在偏差.从人们认识课程的思维方式上去深究产生这些偏差的原因,我们认为是认识课程的方式在"存在性"到"个人性"两端上摇摆导致了教师对新课程的疑惑,只有在存在性与个人性之间来思考课程,才可能接近课程的本质,更好地实现新课程改革的要求.     

Non-linear 2-DOF model and centre manifold theory to study limit cycle oscillations caused by drum-brake judder

This paper presents the research on the laws of systematic-parameter dependent variation in the vibration amplitude of drum-brake limit cycle oscillations (LCO). We established a two-degree non-linear dynamic model to describe the low-frequency vibration of the drum brake, applied the centre manifold theory to simplify the system, and obtained the LCO amplitude by calculating the normal form of the simplified system at the Hopf bifurcation point. It is indicated that when the friction coefficient is smaller than the friction coefficient at the bifurcation point, the amplitude decreases; whereas with a friction coefficient larger than the friction coefficient of bifurcation point, LCO occurs. The results suggest that it is applicable to suppress the LCO amplitude by changing systematic parameters, and thus improve the safety and ride comfort when applying brake. These findings can be applied to guiding the design of drum brakes.     

黑格尔哲学出发点范畴对重构马克思主义哲学的意义

出发点是哲学大厦的地基,对哲学出发点的把握直接关系到对一个哲学体系的理解。在哲学界倡导回到马克思的大方向下,有必要对马克思主义哲学的出发点进行澄清。为了充分、准确地理解马克思主义哲学的出发点,我们追本溯源地探讨了黑格尔如何以“思维与存在的统一”为出发点展开自己的哲学体系,以及马克思如何去其糟粕、取其精华地改造了黑格尔哲学的这一出发点,从而把实践范畴作为自己整个哲学的基础和出发点。     

浅谈民间剪纸艺术的形式特征

民间剪纸艺术是古代的传统艺术，它记录着历史的风采，具有自己独特的艺术特色和审美价值。其形式特点变化多样，表现手法由外在的造型超越自然的简化，抽象，再到符合现代艺术的尽兴挥洒，毫不做作。这些特点无不表明人类早期那纯真稚拙的天趣，以及沉于造化，物我一体的美好心灵。这种无遮无掩的真实本我，正好与现代绘画所追求的一种本源精神达到了一致。     

The effects of college students’ positive thinking,learning motivation and self-regulation through a self-reflection intervention in Taiwan

This quasi-experimental study examined the effects of a self-reflection intervention on college (college in this article refers to university-level education) students’ positive thinking, learning motivation and self-regulation in Taiwan. One hundred and two college students were selected to participate in an 18-week intervention forming the experimental group (EG) which emphasized providing main lecture, role-play, self-reflection activity, group discussion and group work. Another 179 college students from two other courses were selected as a comparison group. This study showed that supportive, resourced discussion with peers and instructor, self-reflection activities and assignment as a facilitative agent improved the EG students’ positive thinking, learning motivation and self-regulation. In addition, three structural equation models revealed that positive thinking had a strong and direct relation to Taiwanese college students’ pretest learning motivation (β?=?.85) and self-regulation (β?=?.77); learning motivation had a strong and direct relation to students’ pretest positive thinking (β?=?.86) and self-regulation (β?=?.81); and self-regulation had a strong and direct relation to students’ pretest positive thinking (β?=?.83) and learning motivation (β?=?.86). Instructional implications and research recommendations are discussed.     

创新教育简析

本文简析实施素质教育的诸要素 ,以达到思路明晰之目的。