Genomic diversity and post-admixture adaptation in the Uyghurs

Population admixture results in genome-wide combinations of genetic variants derived from different ancestral populations of distinct ancestry, thus providing a unique opportunity for understanding the genetic determinants of phenotypic variation in humans. Here, we used whole-genome sequencing of 92 individuals with high coverage (30–60×) to systematically investigate genomic diversity in the Uyghurs living in Xinjiang, China (XJU), an admixed population of both European-like and East-Asian-like ancestry. The XJU population shows greater genetic diversity, especially a higher proportion of rare variants, compared with their ancestral source populations, corresponding to greater phenotypic diversity of XJU. Admixture-induced functional variants in EDAR were associated with the diversity of facial morphology in XJU. Interestingly, the interaction of functional variants between SLC24A5 and OCA2 likely influences the diversity of skin pigmentation. Notably, selection has seemingly been relaxed or canceled in several genes with significantly biased ancestry, such as HERC2–OCA2. Moreover, signatures of post-admixture adaptation in XJU were identified, including genes related to metabolism (e.g. CYP2D6), digestion (e.g. COL11A1), olfactory perception (e.g. ANO2) and immunity (e.g. HLA). Our results demonstrated population admixture as a driving force, locally or globally, in shaping human genetic and phenotypic diversity as well as in adaptive evolution.     

Speed bumps,roadblocks and tollbooths: how culturally and linguistically diverse parents navigate the highways and byways of giftedness in Ontario

In reviewing literature on culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) parental inclusion and disproportionality, Cam Cobb, assistant professor at the University of Windsor, Ontario, illustrates how CLD giftedness – and especially CLD giftedness in Canadian settings – represents an area in need of further research. In part, this article begins to address that need. Drawing from a larger critical qualitative inquiry, he details the stories of two CLD Canadian mothers as they sought to become involved in gifted identification and decision‐making processes. Knowledge and language arose in the data as two core themes of robust parental inclusion. These core themes, along with associated recommendations for policy, practice and research, are outlined in a discussion of the findings. While this article focuses on the gifted domain of special education in Ontario, the findings have wider implications for robust CLD parental inclusion in special education in general.     

哲学诠释学语言观中“他者”的制约及其意义

伽达默尔认为世界经验的语言性先于一切，因为理解的过程实际上是理解者和理解对象达成一致、取得一种共同语言的过程，在这个取得一致性的过程中，理解者在拥有充分自由空间的同时也会受到各种制约，这些异于理解者自身的“他者”的制约会牵引着理解者走向一个更好更完善的过程。基于这一思路，反思当今社会科技泛滥所引发的种种问题，我们可以从这些“他者”的制约性中找到启发。     

A Minority within a Minority? Social Justice for Traveller and Roma Children in ECEC

This article discusses recent policy developments in Europe regarding Roma and Traveller integration and Early Childhood Provision. After a long history of oppression, Roma issues have recently become prominent on the EU policy agenda. The article discusses how these relate to developments in other areas of policy: the European children's rights agenda and the recognition that early childhood education and care is a key policy tool to combat social exclusion. It gives background information on Roma and Travellers in Europe and discusses the consequences of subsuming the various communities under one umbrella term: Roma. The EU Commission is concerned with responses from Member States to the European Framework for National Roma Integration Strategies. The article argues that in order to address Roma children's experience from a holistic perspective, social justice and equality need to be key elements of early childhood education and care provision and training. The European policy developments that frame the article are examined from a local vantage point: the experiences of Traveller and Roma children in Ireland and the Irish Preschool Education Initiative for Children from Minority Communities.     

基于多粒度二元语义的SGML文件信息检索模型*

将二元语义应用于评价SGML格式化的文件，并引入多粒度的方法，提出一种新的信息检索模型。多粒度方法为各元素设定不同粒度的语言模糊集，使得各推荐系统可以更合理更便捷的给出评价值，二元语义更有利于区分各文件与查询间的相关性大小。该模型的提出有利于提高检索效率。     

谈谈《诗经》语言的"三美"特征

<诗经>伟大的艺术成就不仅表现在创作方法、章法结构、表现手段等方面,同时还表现在精湛的语言艺术上.本文从解读<诗经>作品入手,进一步探究<诗经>的语言艺术规律,以证明<诗经>语言具有鲜明的音韵美、形式美和风格美,即"三美"特征.这"三美"特征,充分体现于<诗经>各篇作品之中,成为展示其艺术魅力的重要元素,从而奠定了我国古典诗歌语言的优秀传统.     

Eyes Wide Shut: Recent Educational Policy in the Light of Changing Notions of English Identity*

Although Curriculum 2000 includes some welcome changes, such as the inclusion of drama, it is essentially a missed opportunity. I argue that it fails to address the complexity of modern life. In many academic areas, including literature, issues of identity are central to fundamental debates. Such debates have been precipitated by increasing economic globalisation and the consequent increase in interdependence between people from diverse cultural heritages. Although this situation is not new, the social and technological changes of recent decades have altered the pace of such developments. In most cities school populations reflect such changes. In this paper I argue that there are substantial gaps in the curriculum which derive mainly from government policy being premised on crude and obsolete notions of English identity. Such notions lead to a confusion of the concepts of culture and citizenship as modes of belonging. In my view both of these factors severely constrain our ability to construct a critical curriculum which adequately addresses contemporary interests and dilemmas.     

人教社实验语文教材(7～9年级)选文的问题及对策——基于文化类型的视角

当今社会文化发展日益多元化,作为文化载体的语文教材理应体现文化的多样性。而审视多种不同文化的并存状况,与分析教育中的众多不同文化类型,在一定程度上是统一的。因此,本文就从文化类型的角度,审视实验语文教材选文在文化多样性方面存在的问题。     

创建一种互动式的整体语言教学模式

文章特别提出了一名优秀的英语教师应具备的外在、信息、教学、及道德四方面的魅力 ,并以之作为教学创新与改革的前提条件。以语言知识构建、认知等理论为依据 ,阐明了英语教学改革的一种新观点 ,即创建一种以学生为中心 ,互动式的整体语言教学模式。详细说明了这种教学模式的 6个步骤与方法。目的就是要激发学生英语学习的积极性 ,变被动学习为主动学习 ,最终提高学生在听、说、读、写四方面综合运用英语知识的实际能力。     

语言智能理论指导艺术学科教学的策略研究--基于“绘画中的构图”公开课后的调查分析及建议

中职艺术学科的课堂总是很沉闷,大多数学生沉默不语,少数学生课堂发言也是寥寥几个词语,为了激发学生的学习兴趣,以语言为突破口,切实在艺术学科学习中促进学生的语言智能,教学的策略是听说读写立体式训练。