2010年大连市中考日语试卷分析及教学建议

2010年大连市中考日语学科试题注重考查学生的基础知识和综合语言运用能力,对今后日语教学有导向作用。     

浅议幽默与语境

幽默语言是人类的智慧语言,在我们的生活中,它起着极强的润滑作用。从幽默的几种表达方式入手,探讨了幽默和语境之间相互衬托、相互制约的关系,要正确理解和使用幽默,就必须与当时的语境联系起来,这样才能真正地发挥幽默的作用。     

幽默中的语境解读

幽默的产生和理解都对语境具有不可或缺的依赖性。语言语境中语言层面的语音、语义、句法等因素,情景语境中的人物、时间、地点及相应的认知推理过程等因素,以及社会文化语境中的文化背景知识、价值观等因素,它们互相交织,构成整体,对幽默的产生和理解具有决定和制约作用。     

National and international disability rights legislation: a qualitative account of its enactment in Australia

In this paper, a detailed analysis based on the lived experiences of the study participants and the researcher (each with vision impairment) in education, post school and in the pursuit for employment is developed. The policy discourses of disability legislation – both at national and international levels – are explored with particular reference to their enactment in Australia. The analysis focuses on the collective indifference to detached others, which is evident in the linguistic construction of people with disabilities in the United Nations [(2006). Convention of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. New York: United Nations] and the Australian Standards for Education 2005 [Australian Department of Education, Science and Training. 2006. Disability Standards for Education 2005 Plus Guidance Notes. Accessed March 12, 2012. http://nla.gov.au/nla.arc-7692.]. Together, these elements reflect the neoliberal principles that cast a shadow over the discourses of the disability policies.     

Metacognitive activities in text-studying and problem-solving: Development of a taxonomy

This article describes the construction of a hierarchical taxonomy of metacognitive activities for the interpretation of thinking-aloud protocols of students in secondary education, who studied texts on history and physics. After testing an initial elaborate taxonomy on a restricted number of protocols by multiple raters, it appeared that the interrater correspondence was well below par. The categories in the taxonomy were too highly specified. Categories were combined and tested on new protocols in a cyclic fashion. The revised taxonomy was then used for coding 16 history protocols and 16 physics protocols. Frequencies of occurrence of metacognitive activities were obtained, as well as judgements of the quality of the metacognitive activities of the participants. There is a reasonable correlation between the frequency method and the quality method for coding thinking-aloud protocols. Also, there is a substantial covariation of the number of metacognitive activities across both tasks.     

20世纪语言转向的哲学史探源

20世纪哲学发生了语言转向,原本对认识论的关注变为了对语言本体的探索.语言转向之后的哲学研究大多把语言研究作为工作的重点,而新兴学科语言哲学也成为影响贯穿整个人文社会科学的显学.但对语言的哲学思考,自古希腊以降就一直是西方哲学家们关注的话题,语言转向的发生正植根于这种千年来思考的传统.对语言转向的哲学渊源进行一番考察,有助于提供一种理解这一“哲学革命”的历史视角.     

Orthography and the development of metalinguistic reflection in Portuguese primary school pupils / Ortografía y desarrollo de la reflexión metalingüística en alumnos portugueses en primaria

Abstract

Linguistic awareness is crucial in learning literacy. This project has a two-fold aim: to develop the students’ ability to think about language in order to write with accuracy and to lead teachers to promote students’ discussions about their writing difficulties. The study is part of a two-year action-research project developed in primary schools from the Lisbon area, with experimental and control groups. The starting point of the project was the analysis of the problems students of third and fourth grades showed in their writing. The scope of the project includes dictation tasks within an interactionist approach, favouring grammatical discussions leading to the observation and manipulation of linguistic data.     

语言性的存在与存在性的语言——西方哲学发展的语言学视域及其存在论基础

西方哲学家认为语言与存在是内在同一的,作为＂存在的存在＂只是存在于语言中,语言是存在的本体论依据。海德格尔将语言视作＂此在＂敞亮自身的存在方式,＂此在＂由语言本身所蕴藏着的内在丰富性语义所牵引,聆听、领悟并应和着这种本然所是的存在意蕴。而在伽达默尔看来,能被理解的存在就是语言,凡是能被语言表述的东西并不存在于它自身之内,而是存在于它所表述的语言中并作为被理解的东西而存在。人及人的世界生成并存在于语言中,语言是存在的直接显现,语言与存在的内生性关系,构成了西方哲学发展的语言学视域和存在论根基。     

复制抑或传播——语言模因的认知机制研究

从认知语用学原理出发,探讨语言模因的传播运行机制,尝试性提出模因传播是宿主对已模仿的关联性语言模因信息的加工过程,即认知识解、重新审视和文化混搭,在人脑的主观选择复制作用下,在社会文化相互竞争中那些具有适应性的模因逐渐被接受认可得以繁衍传播;而那些不适应社会时代需要的模因不断地被淘汰直至消亡。总之,弱势模因的强化和强势模因的弱化是语言模因进化中的变异现象,符合人类社会的发展规律。     

中英立法文本语言特点对比及英汉翻译

中文立法文本与英文立法文本在篇章结构、句法、词法等方面存在大量相似的语言特征,表现在:二者均遵守法律语言的语用原则;都体现了高度程式化的语篇特点;都属于冷冻体语篇,具有极强的权威性、庄严性;都大量使用结构紧密、说理完整的长句;都存在大量法律专业术语。但二者亦存在着显著的差别化语言特色,如二者在法律专业术语的词源、构成方式、理解的难易程度等方面均存在较大差异;在句子的长度、引导法律规范行为模式的语言标记以及名词化的表现形式等方面也存在明显不同之处。在立法文本英译汉的过程中,译文的表达应尽量符合中文法律语言的表达习惯,符合中文读者的阅读习惯,以更好地实现原文具有的规范功能和提供信息功能,避免读者对译文产生歧义和费解,保证译文的准确性交际目的。