试论英语专业教学中加强语言输入和输出的策略

克拉申(S.D.Krashen)的二语习得理论越来越受到我国外语教学界的重视。此文从有利于增加语言信息的输入、输出的角度,结合目前英语专业教学的实际,探讨如何创造"语言输入机会",促成更多语言输出。     

语符任意性的哲学综观与经验考辨

汉语的独特性使语言符号的任意性产生了动摇;语符任意性主要体现在拼音文字为书写形式的语言中,在印欧语系中更具有代表性;汉语的形音分离使语符的能指与所指更加复杂,并更多体现象似和可论证性;基于充分考证汉语基础上建立的普通语言学理论才使语言学大厦更完整。     

二语习得语境中的语言知识

语言知识是一个具有多义性的复杂概念。理解二语习得语境中语言知识概念的重要角度是语言的认知过程。在这一范畴中,语言知识是心理的,是大脑中的记忆内容。从形态表征角度可分类为显性知识与隐性知识。语言知识的内容则包括语法知识、语用知识以及对二语习得过程具有显性化与体系化作用的元语言知识。     

英语阅读理解障碍中的非语言因素

英语阅读是获得知识的一个重要方式，但是目前非英语专业大学生在英语阅读方面存在一些语言因素和非语言因素的障碍。本文通过对惠州学院二百名大学二年级的学生进行问卷调查，发现影响他们阅读的主要因素不是语言本身的问题，而是非语言因素，如背景知识、文化差异、阅读技巧、心理因素、思维模式等。本文着重研究和分析这些因素的存在性并提出了解决方式。     

Alts,Abbreviations, and AKAs: Historical Onomastic Variation and Automated Named Entity Recognition

Accurate automated identification of named places is a major concern for scholars in the digital humanities, and especially for those engaged in research that depends upon the gazetteer-led recognition of specific aspects. The field of onomastics examines the linguistic roots and historical development of names, which have for the most part only standardized into single officially recognized forms since the late nineteenth century. Even slight spelling variations can introduce errors in geotagging techniques, and these differences in place-name spellings are thus vital considerations when seeking high rates of correct geospatial identification in historical texts. This article offers an overview of typical name-based variation that can cause issues in the accurate geotagging of any historical resource. The article argues that careful study and documentation of these variations can assist in the development of more complete onymic records, which in turn may inform geo-taggers through a cycle of variational recognition. It demonstrates how patterns in regional naming variation and development, across both specific and generic name elements, can be identified through the historical records of each known location. The article uses examples taken from a digitized corpus of writing about the English Lake District, a collection of 80 texts that date from between 1622 and 1900. Four of the more complex spelling-based problems encountered during the creation of a manual gazetteer for this corpus are examined. Specifically, the article demonstrates how and why such variation must be expected, particularly in the years preceding the standardization of place-name spellings. It suggests how procedural developments may be undertaken to account for such geo-referential issues in the Named Entity Recognition (NER) strategies employed by future projects. Similarly, the benefits of such multigenre corpora to assist in completing onomastic records is also shown via examples of new name forms discovered for prominent sites in the Lake District. This focus is accompanied by a discussion of the influence of literary works on place-name standardization—an aspect not typically accounted for in traditional onomastic study—to illustrate the extent to which authorial interests in regional toponymic histories can influence linguistic development.     

Standardisation and diversity in international assessments: barking up the wrong tree?

ABSTRACT

This article organises potential areas of criticism or challenges embedded in the design and administration of standardised assessments of learning levels in order to promote dialogue and research on educational assessments. The article begins by addressing debates around epistemological claims: issues that pertain to testing in general and issues that are particular to standardised testing. Then, it addresses some political attributes of international tests so as to situate the debates beyond feasibility, attributes and scope-related issues. The article claims that the field of education testing has identified a number of issues and challenges stemming from diversity, and has developed methods and procedures to address many of them. From this viewpoint, testing is just like any other domain of scientific enquiry. However, international assessments of learning outcomes are not necessarily, or primarily, scientific endeavours; they are political devices and therefore should be scrutinised considering scientific attributes as well as some political features that, even if intertwined with technicalities, go well beyond them. Thus, critiques of international assessments would be better framed if their political attributes are taken as organising principles of the criticism, alongside those elements that pertain to their technical attributes, since these are not incidental but deeply interlinked.     

高等数学中若干"印象判断"的辨析

对高等数学中经常出现的若干"印象判断"进行了辨析,并用反例推翻了这些判断,讨论仅限于实数范围.     

镇坪方言的内部区划及成因

本报告以调查为基础,对镇坪方言的地理分布、形成原因、方言特点以及与周边方言的关系作介绍和比较。     

乔姆斯基的语言观及其唯理主义认识论基础

追溯乔姆斯基语言观的唯理主义认识论渊源,剖析其语言天生论与笛卡儿等人的天赋观的异同,指出两者的根本区别在于:前者是建立在生物遗传学基础之上的一元论,后者则是建立在"上帝"基础之上的心物分离的二元论;其中既有继承和发展,也有批判和扬弃.使我们对乔姆斯基的语言观有更深刻的理解.     

从语法层面看广告英语的语言特点

通过实例从很少被人们关注的语法层面，即时态的使用特点、标点符号的创造性使用和“语法错误”的灵活使用等角度，来研究并揭示广告英语的语言特点。