多维模式的形成性评估促进大学英语听力教学的实践研究

大学英语学习的培养目标是培养学生英语综合应用的能力,特别是听读能力,多维模式的形成性评估有助于英语听力教学的改进与提高。根据新的《大学英语课程教学要求》（课程要求2004）,以大学英语的课程改革为契机,以北京服装学院的大学英语听力教学改革为范例,试图探索一种具有示范性的大学英语听力教学的形成性评估的新模式。     

问题预览对非英语专业学习者听力理解的影响

非英语专业学习者听力理解水平受多种因素影响,有无问题预览是其中之一。高、低水平组非英语专业学习者在有无问题预览情况下的听力测试成绩显示：问题预览对英语学习者的听力理解有影响,且对低水平者促进作用更大;英语水平仍然是决定听力理解的关键因素。     

我国高职院校的现实问题与改革路径

经过30余年的发展,我国高等职业教育取得了长足进步。然而,高职院校发展仍面临结构问题、招考问题以及投入问题等体制性问题和涉及课程设置、教学方法等方面的操作性问题,这些问题导致学校与地方经济发展契合度不高,影响了学校的可持续发展。高职院校应紧密关注所在地区的实际需求,从专业结构、课程设置、服务方式、校际合作等方面进行改革,从而转型为密切联系社会的社区学院。     

基于语言模因论的大学外语听说教学策略探析

模因论是一种基于达尔文进化论解释文化进化规律的新理论。语言是一种模因,现代外语教学理论认为,外语听说教学过程与语言模因密切相关。语言模因的模仿形式、生命周期、复制和传播的形式,可为外语听说教学提供借鉴。     

我国廉租房建设存在的问题及对策研究

随着经济的发展,商品房价格的不断攀升,城镇低收入家庭的住房问题成了社会普遍关注的亟待解决的问题,而廉租住房建设就是解决这一问题的关键。近几年,我国廉租住房建设虽然取得了阶段性成果,但在实施中还存在着一些问题,对此本文提出了相应的对策建议。     

高职院校民语言学生英语教学问题探析

民语言学生的英语教学是高职院校英语教学的一个重要组成部分,针对民语言学生英语教学中存在的问题,提出了相关的应对策略。     

云南集体林地确权存在的历史问题与解决对策

明确集体林地权属是2006年启动的云南集体林权制度改革的核心内容。通过确权,将集体林地使用权、林木所有权明晰到各类林业经营主体,以法律维护集体林权的效力,保障各类经营主体的切身利益。我国的集体林权制度经历了数次变革,本次集体林地确权就遇到了历次林权改革遗留下来的一些问题。合理解决历史遗留问题,成为成功化解矛盾的关键。     

Adverse experiences in early childhood and their longitudinal impact on later behavioral problems of children living in poverty

BackgroundAdverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are an identified risk factor for the social and emotional development of children. What is less known is the long-term effects of ACEs when poverty and ACEs coincide.ObjectiveUsing longitudinal cohort-panel data, we examined whether exposure to ACEs by the age of three among poor children would longitudinally result in behavioral problems at ages three, five, nine, and 15, after controlling for mothers’ socioeconomic status and their children’s characteristics.Participants and settingWe used a subsample of 2750 children and their parents living in urban poverty from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing study.MethodsLogistic regression modeling was used to obtain adjusted odds ratios of ACE categories predicting behavioral problems after accounting for family socioeconomic position.ResultsOur findings indicate that experiencing ACEs in early childhood was significantly associated with later behavioral outcomes from childhood to adolescence. Exposure to multiple ACEs before the age of three was significantly associated with the top-risk behavior group at age five; the odd ratios were 2.0 (CI = 1.3–3.1) and 2.9 (CI = 1.8–4.6) for two ACEs and three or more ACEs, respectively. At both ages nine and 15, children experiencing two or more ACEs had 1.9 to 3.2 times higher odds to demonstrate more the top 10th percentile of behavioral problems. Among covariates, mothers’ race and education, and children’s gender and temperament were identified as significant factors to determine behavior problems.ConclusionsThe findings support policies and programs for families with children who have experienced economic disadvantages and early childhood adversity.     

A mediational model linking perceptions of security,alexithymia and behavior problems of sexually abused children

BackgroundPerceptions of security toward parents are related with internalized and externalized problems among victims of child sexual abuse (CSA). Alexithymia, which is difficulty in identifying and expressing feelings, is associated with the quality of parent-child relationships (Oskis et al., 2013) and behavior problems in children (Di Trani et al., 2013).ObjectiveThe current study tested the mediational role of alexithymia in the relationship between perceptions of security toward parents and behavior problems among CSA victims.Participants and methodUsing a short-term multi-informant prospective design, 263 victims of CSA aged 6–12 years completed the Kerns Security Scale (Kerns, Klepac, & Cole, 1996), which evaluates perceived attachment security to mothers and fathers. Parents completed the Child Behavior Checklist (Achenbach & Rescorla, 2001) at Time 1 to provide baseline scores of behavior problems and again four months later. At Time 2, parents also assessed the children’s alexithymia using the Children’s Alexithymia Measure (Way et al., 2010).ResultsPerceptions of security were both associated with alexithymia, as well as with internalizing and externalizing problems (p < .05). A mediational model showed that perception of security toward fathers outweighed the mother-child relationship in predicting children’s alexithymia. Path analysis revealed that the father-child relationship predicted decreased behavioral problems at Time 2 through a lower level of alexithymia. The model explained 46.9% of internalizing problems and 56.1% of externalizing problems (p < .05).ConclusionsThe findings support the relevance of alexithymia as an intervention target for CSA victims and underscore the importance of the father-child relationship.     

Emotional and behavior problems in adopted children – The role of early adversities and adoptive parents’ regulation and behavior

BackgroundEarly adversity and negative experiences in the adoptive family can put adopted children at risk for emotional and behavior problems.ObjectiveThis study analyzes the influence of children’s preadoptive history and adoptive parents’ characteristics on the psychosocial adjustment of nationally and internationally adopted children in Germany.Participants and settingThe survey included 172 adopted children aged between 24 and 145 months and their adoptive parents.MethodsParents provided information about preadoptive history. Information about emotional and behavior problems was obtained from the parental version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Parental well-being was obtained through a composite score of three standardized measures (self-efficacy questionnaire, Perceived Stress Scale PSS-4, Brief Symptom Inventory BSI); parenting behavior was assessed with the Alabama Parenting Questionnaire (DEAPQ).Results12.5% of the adopted children scored in the clinical range of the SDQ. In a multiple regression analysis, the experience of maltreatment and neglect was the most important predictor of emotional and behavior problems at time of assessment, followed by pre- and perinatal risk and parental stress regulation difficulties, R² = .423, F(4, 128) = 28.539. Increases in the number of risk factors present were associated with a greater odd of children scoring in the clinical range of the SDQ.ConclusionsMost of the nationally and internationally adopted children in this sample were well-adjusted. Prenatal and preadoptive risk as well as stress regulation capacities of the main caregiver contributed to the child’s development. An accumulation of risks increased the likelihood of adjustment problems in adopted children.