Which notion of implication is the right one? From logical considerations to a didactic perspective

Implication is at the very heart of mathematical reasoning. As many authors have shown, pupils and students experience serious difficulties in using it in a suitable manner. In this paper, we support the thesis that these difficulties are closely related with the complexity of this notion. In order to study this complexity,we refer to Tarski's semantic truth theory,which contributes to clarifying the different aspects of implication: propositional connective, logically valid conditional, generalized conditional,inference rules. We will show that for this purpose, it is necessary to extend the classical definition of implication as a relation between propositions to a relation between open sentences with at least one free variable. This permits to become aware of the fact that, in some cases, the truth-value of a given mathematical statement is not constrained by the situation, contrary to the common standpoint that, in mathematics, a statement is either true or false. In the present paper, the didactic relevance of this theoretical stance will be illustrated by an analysis of two problematic situations and the presentation of some experimental results from our research on first-year university students' understanding of implication. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

对基础教育课程改革的理性反思

伴随着新课程改革的深化，逐步显现出更深层次的问题。需要对新课程改革理论基础、价值取向、思维方法、教育效益等方面进行理性的反思，试图为深化新课程改革提供一些启示。     

高职院校要构建后勤管理的长效机制

构建和谐校园,体现后勤管理的内涵,强化后勤制度建设,都需要建立后勤管理的长效机制。后勤管理的核心是以人为本,管理到位,服务到位,要通过制度建设提升后勤管理的水平,优化人力资源结构,实现后勤管理的效益提高。     

创造、创新和逻辑

创造和创新必须遵守逻辑规律。通常,人们思考问题都是从真前提进而得到真结论,在创造和创新活动中,一般都要经过由假前提寻求真结论的思维过程。     

论民事诉讼中的举证时效

最高人民法院《关于民事诉讼证据的若干规定》已于2002年4月1日开始施行,该规定正式确立了我国举证时限制度,它标志着我国从证据随时提出主义到证据适时主义的转变。文章从举证时限制度的必要性,其立法构建,逾期举证法律后果以及适用举证时效制度存在的问题进行探讨,并提出建议。     

The effectiveness of workflow management systems: A longitudinal study

Workflow management systems coordinate and allocate work through the various stages of executing business processes. The benefits of such systems appear pervasive, but no hard data is available that confirms that their implementation improves organizational performance. In part, this is due to the difficulty of measuring the effects of enterprise-wide initiatives in general. In this paper, the results are presented of a longitudinal, multi-case study into the effectiveness of workflow management technology. The study builds on a novel methodology that combines field work and computer simulations. Through its application, the contribution of this technology to conduct business processes faster and with less effort could be quantitatively assessed. Surprisingly, only a fraction of the projects that were followed in this longitudinal study led to a fully operational implementation of a workflow management system at all. Even so, in most of the projects where such a system was introduced this resulted in substantial improvements. We present success and fail factors for the implementation of this technology within organizations, which we inferred from a follow-up analysis. The novel methodology presented in this paper is thought to be of value to track the performance effects of introducing other technologies or organization concepts as well.     

《概率统计》教学改革与学生能力培养的关系

本文讨论了概率统计教学改革中需要改革的几个方面，并且说明了改革对学生能力的培养的重要性。     

档案定义视阈下的原始记忆性本质及其逻辑结构

档案界对档案定义一般采用“属+种差”的逻辑形式,因而揭示档案本质、确定档案属种就成为档案定义的根本问题。档案记忆理论认为,档案是记忆的物质形态。档案以自身历史选择的必然性和逻辑结构的客观优势,成为人类自觉建构的外脑记忆的典型形式。作为用来建构原始记忆的历史文件,档案在物质形态上表现为档案实体,在逻辑关系上表现为记录和再现两个维度。以档案实体为基点,沿时空维度,向后回溯是档案记录关系维度,在档案记录关系的另一端是档案记忆的历史事实,这是档案记忆的客体;向前表述是档案再现关系维度,在档案再现关系的另一端是档案客体加以证明的回忆事实,这是档案记忆的证体。在这种逻辑结构中,档案实体即档案本身是档案“二维”逻辑关系和档案“三重要素”的物质载体。档案现象的实质就是以“二维”逻辑关系,凝聚“三重要素”的实践过程。     

高校教师在提高马克思主义基本原理概论课实效性中的作用

提高马克思主义基本原理概论课的实效性关键在于教师。作者从师德建设、教师备课、师生沟通、育人环境、考核标准五个方面对提高马克思主义基本原理概论课的实效性进行了探索。     

学校在教育结果公平进程中的作用——基于学校对学生成绩影响的视角

学校作为教育教学活动的主要载体,其作用的发挥受多重因素影响,推进教育结果公平应从教育作为社会系统组成部分的角度明确各类机构和组织的职责和分工。学校的生源结构、资源、教育教学过程是构成学校的重要组成部分,在学校资源基本得到保障的前提下,生源结构和教育教学对学生成绩的影响显得更为重要。教育教学是学校可控因素,也是教育结果公平进程中学校的职责所在。对学校来说,生源结构和学校资源更多受外部控制,尤其是生源结构将学校与学生成绩的关系与社会流动机制和社会融合等问题联系了起来。提高社会流动的开放性,提高社会融合程度是实现教育结果公平的基础性工作,但责任在政府而不是学校。