Made in China: the cultural logic of OEMs and the manufacture of low‐cost technology

Abstract

This paper investigates the conditions of the manufacture of low‐cost technology in China with the examples of ‘pirated’ VCD players, ‘no‐name’ DVD players, and Shenzhen’s development as a techno‐urban city. It emphasizes the significance of the cultural logic of original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) and argues that the various transformations and deflections that are derived from ubiquitous OEM experiences have gone beyond the original model of an authorized OEM, experiences that are to some extent embodied in the transgression of brand name and patent hegemonies, which are mainly controlled by high technology companies. OEMs have been associated with China’s current imperative and uninhibited development of low‐cost technology capitalism. ‘Made in China’ signifies the production of any product, legal or illegal, for transnational high technology giants or domestic technology manufacturers. Learning to ‘become an OEM’ in China has partly resulted in excessive technological mimesis that may be part of an unauthorized, underground economy that is based on low‐cost technology. Based on the Shenzhen experience, part of this study will show industrial production‐oriented OEM cultures in which illegal operations and counterfeit trade are incorporated, even in city projects that are shared by municipal governments and Chinese technological companies, and undergo spatial restructuring in the development of the economy, consumerism, and urbanism.     

Do EFL Teachers ‘Critically’ Engage in Cultural Awareness? A Mixed-Method Investigation

ABSTRACT

This study explored 150 EFL teachers’ perceptions of critical cultural awareness (CCA) considering their teaching context, academic degree, and professional development programs. The participants all completed the CCA questionnaire, fifteen of whom also sat a semi-structured qualitative interview. Our findings showed, a) EFL teachers’ perceptions of CCA located at a medium level, b) the PhD participants showed significantly higher engagement in CCA than their BA and MA counterparts, c) private language institute teachers reported higher levels of CCA than their state-run school counterparts and d) local professional development programs did not emphasize culture teaching in general and CCA in particular.     

确认体内违禁物质来源对兴奋剂违规非故意认定的意义——从阿德米诉欧洲足联案谈起

世界反兴奋剂条例在“无过错和无重大过错”的定义中明确要求运动员要证明违禁物质如何进入体内,而关于“非故意”则无明文规定。在阿德米兴奋剂违规案中,国际体育仲裁院在运动员未能证实样本中违禁物质来源的前提下,运用优势证据认可其违规行为为非故意,将4年的禁赛期缩减为2年。通过对该案例的分析和对类似案件的对比,得出结论：运动员的举证责任和他获得的利益原则上成正比,运动员必须确立违禁物质如何进入体内以证明自己无过错或无重大过错,从而达到免除或缩减禁赛期的目的,参照上述规则,对于非故意可以减少一半的禁赛期这样巨大的利益也应当明确运动员的这一举证责任是必需的。     

1999年全国体操锦标赛男子自由体操比赛浅析

目前在自由体操项目上, 运动员的成套动作出现了 “两多一少”现象, 这是规则导向的结果, 但并非动作发展的必然趋势。我国运动员在完成自由体操动作中, 尚存在着起评分偏低、训练水平欠缺和动作完成准确性等问题, 应予以重视     

我国田径硕士学位论文选题分析

运用文献资料法、数理统计法、综合分析法等,对1982年—2006年我国部分田径研究生的484篇学位论文的选题特点和论文内容进行了统计分析和研究,归纳总结了选题特点,旨为今后论文选题提供参考。     

体育教师工作倦怠现状的调查与分析

工作倦怠产生于长期的工作压力,表现为情绪、态度和行为的衰退状态,将直接导致出现情绪衰竭、人格解体和低成就感。体育教师不仅担负着体育教学的任务,还承担着基础教育改革和发展及素质教育的伟大历史重任。关注体育教师工作倦怠的现状、消极影响,产生的根源与措施研究具有深远意义。     

两年制硕士培养的问题与对策研究

随着两年制硕士培养模式的推广,"习得性无力感"激化、导师指导难度提高、社会就业认可度降低等问题逐渐凸显。这些问题主要是由我国盲目模仿西方学制、片面定位硕士学制、"目中无人"的教育期望以及部分大学的功利主义倾向造成的。应对两年制硕士培养的问题,完善和改进两年制硕士的培养机制,以及"研究生教育分流"不失为一个好的对策。     

高校图书馆信息服务市场开发度研究——以东北林业大学为例

通过对东北林业大学图书馆信息服务的检索资源、人力资源、服务对象、服务方式等的研究,提出市场开发度这一概念,试将高校图书馆界定为信息中介组织,指出高校图书馆开发市场的缺点与不足,并提出相应的解决办法。     

均线指标组合下的上证指数收益实证分析

采用均线系统技术分析，综合考虑位置关系、变动趋势、变动的变动趋势三大主要指标比只考虑部分指标能得到较好的赢利，对风险的辨别也更为细致。在实际操作中要综合考虑各种情况下的短期收益、长期收益，较大的收益、较高的赢利概率，并根据自己的风险偏好，制定理想策略。还应研究该技术分析方法随时间推移的有效性变动及其趋势，并作出相应的调整。     

数据挖掘处理在教学中的应用

数据挖掘技术在商业、金融业以及企业的生产、市场营销等方面都得到了广泛的应用，而在教育领域应用较少，本文通过对课程成绩样本数据集的挖掘，提供了一个进行合理挖掘的模式，得出一些具有参考价值的分析结论，帮助教学人员合理安排教学工作，督导加强院、系的管理，对提高学校的教学成绩起到指导作用，可以说为该领域有效应用数据挖掘技术进行研究提供了一个方向。