Communications Approaches to a Cleaner Environment

Abstract

Recent studies of ideologies of sustainable farmers and conventional farmers suggest that these two groups have differing beliefs, values, and attitudes on agriculture and rural life. Although awareness of these differing attitudes and values is an important step in moving toward educational programs and policies for a more sustainable agriculture, actual behavior may not be predictable from this knowledge. A mail survey of Iowa farmers with membership in Practical Farmers of Iowa, a sustainable agriculture organization, was used to examine the attitude—behavior relationship of these farmers and the role social influences play in this relationship. Attitude and social influence scales were developed, as well as a chemical input index that measures commitment to sustainable practices. The results indicate that, when controlling explanatory factors, the attitude—behavior relationship is moderate and the social influences examined do not facilitate this relationship. Implications for educational programs and policies of these findings are discussed.     

The development of a perceived masculinity scale

This essay posits that masculinity can be usefully understood from a communication perspective, and it specifically defines masculinity as a social and symbolic construct. In this view, the meanings and associations attributed to masculinity are a product of the enduring images and characteristics people have ascribed and assigned to men in groups over time. Based upon a survey of contemporary published research regarding masculinity, it is concluded that masculinity is now a multidimensional construct which attributes ten traits to people viewed as masculine which are examined in terms of: (1) physiological energy; (2) physical characteristics; (3) gender‐related sociocultural roles; (4) idealized gender; (5) gender preferences; (6) subjective gender‐identity; (7) gender‐related age identity; (8) gender‐related racial and national identities; (9) lust; and, (10) male eroticism. Specific questionnaires used to measure these dimensions are reviewed, and based on the responses of 562 subjects, the reliability and validity of one of these questionnaires is examined in detail. The essay concludes by recommending the use of the Perceived Masculinity Questionnaire 47, and it outlines some of the uses that can be made of a Perceived Masculinity Scale, especially some potential classroom uses.     

Write More,Grade Less: Five Practices for Effectively Grading Writing

This article describes five practices for effectively grading writing that demystify the grading process and focus on students, writing more and faculty grading less.     

Improving teaching and learning of basic maths and reading in Africa: Does teacher preparation count?

Teacher education has an important role in ensuring quality of learning especially for the poorest children. The article draws on a study of teacher preparation for the early primary grades in six African countries – Ghana, Kenya, Mali, Senegal, Tanzania and Uganda – in reading and mathematics. Initial teacher education had the strongest impact on newly qualified teachers but also induced misplaced confidence leading to standardised teacher-led approaches that failed to engage learners. Learning to read was divorced from meaning while mathematical activities were not linked to learning concepts. We suggest that teacher education is reconstructed as a study of classroom practice that places children's learning at its centre.     

低压电力线载波通信耦合电路的分析与设计

在利用低压电力线实现载波通信时,通信机与低压电力线信号耦合的关键问题是:既要求载波信号具有较高的传输效率;又要要求电力线上50 Hz的工频信号和各种噪声对载波通信系统的干扰最小;还要考虑载波通信系统的绝对安全.本系统采用了"电容隔离降压"、"电磁互感耦合"与"LC谐振式滤波"相结合的耦合技术,较好地解决了这一问题.     

高年级聋生厌学现象分析及应对策略

聋生作为教育的"弱势群体",由于受听力言语障碍及诸多外部因素的影响,在学习的过程中极易失去兴趣和主动性,导致厌学。高年级聋生作为聋校教育的"特殊群体",厌学现象凸显,现已成为聋校教育的"老大难"。本文认真分析导致厌学现象的诸多因素,提出应对策略。     

女性青春期发育的内分泌调控

综述女性青春期的内分泌变化及其调控,从青春期生长激素轴、机体能量平衡调节轴系及外周性激素等各种内分泌因子的变化阐述女性青春期启动和进展可能的调控机制,从遗传学角度探讨青春期发动可能的候选基因和作用机理。     

太极拳内劲在人体中的蓄能、供能和节能特征

太极拳内劲形成过程中,是从柔练开始,达到经络的疏通,并通过经络功能的开发,使人体能够具备更多蓄积能量的途径,并提供了形成内劲所需的信息能量,特别是利用了经络系统对信息的敏感度,开发了内劲的节能功能。最后明确太极拳内劲的实质是太极拳对人体功能态的一种提高方式。     

铁尾矿利用经济分析模型与应用

在技术及选矿工艺等因素的制约下,我国历史上铁矿资源回收率偏低,进而导致了大量铁尾矿的产生。目前,铁尾矿资源回收利用技术及设备问题已基本解决,而且铁精矿价格日益高涨,促使国内铁尾矿资源开发利用的外部条件日益成熟。尤其是在国内外铁矿石价格高企的今天,使得铁尾矿资源开发利用更加具有经济价值和可行性。在借鉴矿床经济品位计算原理的基础上,通过适当的类推及数学极限处理而导出了铁尾矿资源回收再选的经济分析模型。在广泛收集铁矿山相关经营参数及预计未来铁精矿价格走势的基础上,通过计算认为我国铁尾矿资源回收再选的临界品位定在7%是比较经济合理的,并提出了免除铁尾矿资源回收再选的税金及其基建投资贷款利息减半的政策优惠设想。     

中国产业部门的能耗强度特征及节能减排的分类实现路径

产品生产过程中除了直接消耗能源之外,还有通过中间产品投入而产生的间接能源消耗。因此,仅仅依靠提高能源利用效率来进行节能减排,其作用是有限的,必须要综合考虑生产过程中对能源、物质投入的需求。本文通过投入产出方法分析了我国2002年各个产品部门单位产值的直接和间接能源消耗,发现大部分产品部门单位产值的间接能耗都大于直接能耗,即生产过程中的大量物质投入导致了大量的间接能源消耗。因此,要实现节能减排的目标,直接能耗高的部门要提高其能源利用效率,而间接能耗高的部门要提高其中间投入的利用效率,同时要推动低能耗的服务业的发展以及在全社会推进“减物质化”发展,减少物质消耗而导致的间接能源消耗,而这需要人力资本的大量积累以及服务业的发展。