Becoming Fathers: Initial Exploration of a Support Program for New Fathers

Emerging fathers experience a variety of stressors, including identity and role transitions, changes in their relationships, and challenges in developing caregiving skills. Increasing expectations for father involvement in childcare are emphasizing the importance of the father role, but social supports for new fathers remain scarce. Nineteen expectant and new fathers participated in a pilot 5-week group intervention aimed at improving stress coping and involvement attitudes using a combination of mindfulness practices and skill-building for parenting and partner communication. We administered surveys pre- and postintervention to assess efficacy in the areas of stress, depressive symptoms, father involvement attitudes, and mindfulness. Within-participant differences were compared across participants as well as examining individual reliable change. Results indicated initial reductions in stress and depressive symptoms and increases in the mindfulness constructs of nonjudgment and nonreactivity. No significant changes were found in father involvement attitudes. Perinatal intervention specific to fathers holds promise as an underexplored avenue for supporting families across the transition to parenthood.     

Adult mental health outcomes of child sexual abuse survivors born at extremely low birth weight

The high prevalence of child sexual abuse (CSA) is concerning, particularly as survivors are at increased risk for multiple adverse outcomes, including poor mental health across the lifespan. Children born at an extremely low birth weight (ELBW; <1000 g) and who experience CSA may be a group that is especially vulnerable to psychopathology later in life. However, no research has considered the mental health risks associated with being born at ELBW and experiencing CSA. In this study, we investigated the mental health of 179 ELBW survivors and 145 matched normal birth weight (NBW; >2500 g) participants at ages 22–26 and 29–36. At age 22–26, CSA was associated with increased odds of clinically significant internalizing (OR = 7.32, 95% CI: 2.31–23.23) and externalizing (OR = 4.65, 95% CI: 1.11–19.51) problems among ELBW participants exposed to CSA compared to those who did not, though confidence intervals were wide. At age 29–36, CSA was linked to increased odds of any current (OR = 3.43, 95% CI: 1.08–10.87) and lifetime (OR = 7.09, 95% CI: 2.00–25.03) non-substance use psychiatric disorders, however, this did not hold after adjustment for covariates. Statistically significant differences in mental health outcomes were not observed in NBW participants exposed to CSA compared to NBW participants who were not exposed. Survivors of significant perinatal adversity who are also exposed to CSA may be at higher risk for psychopathology through the fourth decade of life.     

浅谈地下中空薄壁混凝土结构的裂缝防预构造措施

大尺寸薄壁钢筋混凝土结构,对温度的变化和基础的不均匀沉降较为敏感。制定合理的施工方案,材料的合理选择、施工流程精心组织保证了裂缝控制效果良好。     

心理冲突与应激水平、主观幸福感关系研究

采用自编的心理冲突调查问卷、Cawte量表和主观幸福感指数量表(WBIS),调查531名大学生的心理冲突状况、应激水平及主观幸福感。结果为:(1)过多的心理冲突可引起生理与心理应激水平的升高;(2)心理冲突频率与应激水平呈显著的正相关(r=0.533,P<0.01);(3)心理冲突频率与主观幸福感呈显著的负相关(r=-0.158,P<0.01)。因此,过多的心理冲突已构成应激源,是影响学生身心健康的重要因素之一。大学生心理冲突问题应予以关注。     

后牙折裂原因与分类初探

收集典型病例，观察年龄、牙位、牙髓状况、充填洞型、咬合等与牙折裂的关系，按斜折、纵折、横折、粉碎折四型对牙折进行分类，研究发现：后牙折裂年龄集中在30～60岁，上下颌第一磨牙折裂率最高．折裂与牙髓状况、充填、咬合有关，各型牙折以Ⅰ类B型和Ⅱ类B型牙折率较高．死髓牙、严重磨耗牙、Ⅱ类洞充填的牙要特别注意防止其发生牙折，不同类型的牙折治疗原则应有针对性。     

‘Fractured communities’: uncertainty,stress, and (a lack of) communal coping in Palestinian refugee camps

This study examined how communal coping reveals itself in Palestinian refugee camps and the conditions that promote or prevent its occurrence. Individual and dyadic interviews were conducted with 40 mothers and one of their adolescent children living in Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon. The results revealed that communal coping existed within the mother–adolescent dyad to a certain extent, but was rare within the larger context of the refugee camps. While families and neighbors did not typically verbalize their hardships and actively cope with them as a group, there was often an implicit recognition that they were all experiencing the same uncertainty and stress. Acting upon their uncertainty as a collective, however, was greatly hampered by mistrust within and outside the camps, due to widespread violence, privacy violations, vying for scarce resources, and disloyalty. Parents and adolescents also engaged in protective buffering whereby they attempted to reduce the stress of the family by keeping stress and fears to themselves rather than communicating about them. Even though protective buffering helped the refugees cope with chronic uncertainty and maintain a sense of normalcy, it prevented them from acting upon the problem as a group. Finally, parents emphasized that the child’s education provided hope for the future. Practical implications are discussed.     

X5045在智能低压综合保护装置中的应用

X5045芯片是美国Xicor公司生产的集“看门狗”定时器、电压监控和串行E2PROM三项功能于一体的专用集成芯片。本文介绍了X5045芯片的结构、功能、工作原理以及X5045在智能低压综合保护装置中的应用,给出了X5045芯片与AT89S52单片机的硬件接口电路,编写出相应C51应用程序,并成功应用于低压综合保护装置中,取得了令人满意的效果。     

关于工程招投标中"合理低价"的探讨

通过分析现有的建设工程造价构成的特点和存在的问题,就在现行的工程招投标机制下界定"合理低价"应考虑的因素及应采用的措施进行了探讨,为科学客观地测算工程合理低价提供了参考。     

西部大开发战略的经济学思考

西部大开发战略的提出标志着我国经济发展战略的重大转变,也是实现经济均衡发展的重要举措,如何实现西部经济快速起飞,关键在于实现三个转变：经济发展战略从“梯度推移论”到西部跳跃发展;经济发展环境从偏向沿海地区向西部地区转移;经济发展重点从城市偏向改革到注重农村市场开拓。     

First-rib stress fracture in two adolescent swimmers: a case report

First-rib stress fractures have been described in adolescent athletes in various sports, with only one prior case report of first-rib stress fractures in an adolescent female swimmer. There is a need for research on the cause, management, and prevention of these injuries as they lead to significant morbidity and critical time away from sport for these aspiring athletes. We aimed to describe first-rib stress fractures as a potential cause for non-specific atraumatic chronic shoulder pain in adolescent swimmers and to discuss the different presentations, unique risk factors, treatment, and potential injury prevention strategies of such fractures. We discussed two such cases which were successfully treated with activity modification with restriction of all overhead activity, gradually progressive physical therapy and a return to swimming protocol. First-rib stress fractures can vary in presentation and should be in the differential diagnosis in adolescent swimmers with chronic shoulder pain. These injuries can be successfully managed with rest from overhead activities and physical therapy. Gradual return to competitive swimming can be achieved even with non-union of a first-rib stress fracture. Emphasis on balanced strength training in different muscle groups and proper swimming technique is essential to prevent these injuries.