新兴企业如何构建技术空间？技术能力组合的作用

新兴技术往往具有很大的不确定性、风险性和模糊性,在此情况下,新兴企业如何进行技术整合、探索新的技术领域;更具体地,这些企业如何构建自己的技术空间,到底是应该和行业的技术空间保持一致性呢,还是保持差异性？本文聚焦于"新兴企业如何构建技术空间"这一问题,从企业技术能力及其组合的角度切入,以489家战略性新兴产业企业为样本,研究发现,在不同的企业技术能力组合情境中,企业-行业的技术空间异质性对企业绩效具有差异化的影响。具体而言,在核心技术能力高、一般技术能力高的情境中,技术空间异质性对新兴企业绩效有显著的正向影响;在核心技术能力高、一般技术能力低的情境中,技术空间异质性与新兴企业绩效间呈倒U型关系;在企业核心技术能力低的情境中,无论新兴企业的一般能力是高还是低,技术空间异质性对新兴企业绩效均有显著的负向影响。本文的研究从技术能力组合的视角拓展了技术空间异质性的研究,也为新兴企业的技术空间构建问题提供启示。     

典当业务风险管理与规避

将EWRM风险管理模式和逻辑分析法融入典当业务风险管理中,并提出了防范业务风险的具体措施。将风险管理理论与典当实践操作相融合并运用到企业管理之中,提高了企业防控风险的能力。     

“None of the Kings on Earth is Their Equal in ʿaṣabiyya”: The Mongols in Ibn Khaldūn's Works

The rise of the Mongol empire was a shock to the Arab world and led many Arab authors to describe these conquerors in decidedly negative terms. The great historian Ibn Khaldūn also discusses the Mongols' rise and their conquests. As a nomadic people they challenged and defeated sedentary populations and founded their own dynasties. Consequently, the Mongol conquests perfectly fit Ibn Khaldūn's theories on ?a?abiyya – which is superior in nomadic groups – and the rise and fall of dynasties. For the Maghrebi historian, the rise of the Mongols was a natural step in the course of history. This consequently colours his view of the Mongols and affects the way he portrays them, especially regarding the themes of violence and religion – recurring themes in many contemporary works dealing with the Mongols – and in his depiction of the Turco-Mongolian conqueror Timur, who is presented in a more favourable light by Ibn Khaldūn than he is in many contemporary works.     

青少年400m运动员训练手段与应注意的问题

本文根据400m运动项目和青少年运动员身体发育的特殊情况,并通过查阅相关文献资料,总结了近些年来国内青少年400m运动员训练的手段和在训练中应注意的问题。希望通过本文的研究,能为我国青少年400运动训练水平的提高提供理论依据。     

世界优秀男子400米跑运动员速度特征分析

对第6，7届世界田径锦标赛男子400米决赛选手全程和分段成绩进行分析，揭示当今世界男子400米跑速度特征及发展趋势。研究认为，运动员绝对速度能力、保持高速跑的能力以及匀速跑的节奏，是训练工作中应抓好的主要环节。     

The Seljuk Sultanate of Rūm and the Turkmen of the Byzantine frontier, 1206–1279*

This article examines the frontier between the Seljuk Sultanate of Rūm and its Byzantine neighbours in the thirteenth century, concentrating on the place of these frontier districts within the Seljuk state. Scholarship on the frontier, influenced by the ideas of Paul Wittek, has seen it as something of a “no man's land”, politically, economically, culturally and religiously distinct from the urban heartland of the Seljuk sultanate in central Anatolia, dominated by the nomadic Turks, the Turkmen, who operated largely beyond sultanic control. It is often thought that the Seljuk and Greek sides of the border shared more in common with each other than they did with the states of which they formed a part. In contrast, this article argues that in fact the western frontier regions were closely integrated into the Seljuk sultanate. Furthermore, with the Mongol domination of the Seljuk sultanate in the second half of the thirteenth century, the Seljuk and Mongol elites became increasingly involved in this frontier region, where some of the leading figures of the sultanate had estates and endowments.     

The Byzantines and Saladin: Some Further Arguments

This is the second of two articles by the same author arguing against the thesis that there was a conspiracy between the Byzantine emperors and Saladin, sultan of Egypt and Syria, against the crusader states and the Third Crusade in the 1180s. While the focus of the first article was primarily on the Latin sources, the present study shifts the focus to the Arabic primary material, hitherto largely neglected or inadequately treated by modern historians. Through a critical re-examination and re-interpretation of the Arabic sources, backed by the introduction and discussion of new Latin material when necessary, this article presents expanded arguments on the relations between the Byzantine Empire, the Sultanate of Konya and Saladin in the 1180s. The conclusions lend further support to the view that the Byzantine rulers and Saladin never concluded an alliance against the Latin settlers of Outremer and the Third Crusade.     

Government,Church and Māori Responses to Mākutu (Sorcery) in New Zealand in the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries

ABSTRACT

Traditionally Māori attributed disease to supernatural causes, including mākutu (sorcery) and, as with some other indigenous cultures, considered that killing sorcerers was both just and right. Belief in mākutu ran counter to the Church's desire to gain religious primacy, and mākutu-related murders challenged the State's claim to sovereignty, and its desire to ‘civilize’ Māori. Each indigenous society possesses unique characteristics, just as the nature of each settler society develops within its own environment. While some similarities with other colonized societies can be identified, distinctive local conditions influenced the relationship of Māori to the New Zealand colonial state, and thus attitudes and actions relating to sorcery-related crime. This article explores how mākutu brought Māori communities into conflict with both Church and State, and how the latter in particular was constrained by political realities. As the nineteenth century came to an end, the murders had largely ceased and the State and Church became more concerned with Māori spiritual healers. The article also shows that Māori reformers in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries took a lead in changing Māori attitudes.     

Islamic Historians of the Ayyūbid Era and Muslim Rulers from the Early Crusading Period: A Study in the Use of History

This article examines the presentation of Muslim rulers from the early crusading period, 490–540/1097–1146 in six of the main chronicles written during the first half of the seventh/thirteenth century. It discusses the themes, ideas and topoi in each, demonstrating that the historians appear to have been divided into two ‘camps’ over their presentation of these rulers, based on their personal views of the rulers of their time. The article also examines why this division may have occurred, and considers its ramifications for modern scholarship of Arabic historiography, Islamic history and the history of the Crusades, in both the sixth/twelfth and seventh/thirteenth centuries.     

全球专利发展现状及其启示 ——基于《2020世界知识产权指标》专利数据分析

针对世界知识产权组织在日内瓦发布的《2020世界知识产权指标》报告中的专利数据展开分析.《2020世界知识产权指标》报告显示,我国专利申请总数和授权总数均位列世界第一.但数据显示,我国居民海外专利申请量还远远低于美国、日本等国家,我国海外专利布局区域不平衡,我国申请人有效专利流失严重,平均使用年限偏低.为此,我国应加快...