Keiyo Cattle Raiding, Kechui Mathematics and Science Education: What do They Have in Common?

In the context of globalization, indigenous educational systems of endangered cultures are faced with extinction. Biologists recognize that biodiversity is dependent upon sustaining and promoting knowledge and values of indigenous cultures. Education researchers have a similar responsibility — to promulgate educational diversity before several thousand years of valuable educational knowledge is extirpated. This paper presents the Keiyo of Kenya who have a rich educational system. Its focus is on an indigenous game, Kechui (using calculations to sharpen your mind), based on cattle raiding, and the Keiyos' use of the game for learning mixed strategy-based probabilistic problem solving. Kechui may also have international potential for teaching probabilistic problem solving in contemporary mathematics and science, especially genetics.     

单个守恒律方程初边值问题的Godunov算法

This paper is concerned with Godunov’s scheme for the initial-boundary value problem of scalar conservation laws. A kind of Godunov’s scheme, which satisfies the boundary entropy condition, was given. By use of the scheme, numerical simulation for the weak entropy solution to the initial-boundary value problem of scalar conservation laws is conducted.     

替代对偶算法求解多约束非线性背包问题

Multi-dimensional nonlinear knapsack problems are often encountered in resource allocation, industrial planning and computer networks. In this paper, a surrogate dual method was proposed for solving this class of problems. Multiply constrained problem was relaxed to a singly constrained problem by using the surrogate technique. To compute tighter bounds of the primal problem, the cutting plane method was used to solve the surrogate dual problem, where the surrogate relaxation problem was solved by the 0-1 linearization method. The domain cut technique was employed to eliminate the duality gap and thus to guarantee the convergence of tile algorithm. Numerical results were reported for large-scale multi-dimensional nonlinear knapsack problems.     

欠发达地区中小学网络教育的发展现状与思考

针对欠发达地区网络教育中存在的问题，提出了提高认识，转变思想，多种渠道筹集资金，加强师资培训等具体建议。     

Problem-Solving Preferences of Mathematics Teachers: Focusing on Symmetry

The aim of the study presented in this paper was to explore factors that influence teachers' problem-solving preferences in the process of (a) solving a problem, (b) explaining it to a peer, (c) liking it, and (d) teaching it. About 170 mathematics teachers took part in the different stages of the study. A special mathematical activity was designed to examine factors that influence teachers' problem-solving preferences and to develop teachers' preferences concerning whether to use symmetry when solving the problems. It was implemented and explored in an in-service program for professional development of high-school mathematics teachers. As a result, three interrelated factors that influence teachers' problem-solving preferences were identified: (i) Two patterns in teachers' problem-solving behavior, i.e., teachers' tendency to apply a stereotypical solution to a problem and teachers' tendency to act according to problem-solving beliefs, (ii) the way in which teachers characterize a problem-solving strategy, (iii) teachers' familiarity with a particular problem-solving strategy and a mathematical topic to which the problem belongs. Findings were related to teachers' developing thinking in solving problems and using them with their students. The activity examined in this paper may serve as a model for professional development of mathematic teachers and be useful for different professional development programs.     

硕士研究生入学英语写作应试的分析

从近十年全国硕士研究生 (非英语专业 )入学英语考试短文写作试题的分析入手 ,总结主要题型的写作要点 ,提出了应试对策 ,并归纳、分析近年来试卷中出现的主要问题 ,旨在帮助考生提高英语写作水平和应试能力。     

实施"科教兴黔"战略的问题和对策

实施“科教兴黔”战略是实现“兴黔富民”宏伟目标的关键所在。但从整体看，科教并未真正被摆在“战略”地位，只是“略占”地位。投入的严重不足，制约了教育和科技的发展，而国民受教育程度低，整体素质不高，又直接影响“科教兴黔”战略的实施，加上管理缸体僵硬、办学体制单一，依法治教不力等问题的存在，使科教兴黔战略的实施遭遇重大障碍。因此，要提高认识，加大投入，改革和完善相关机制。     

师专历史教育专业主干课程设置与教学的历史现状的调查与分析

深入分析了师专历史教育专业主干课程设置与教学的历史及现状,客观评述了在师专历史教育专业主干课程设置与教学问题上值得肯定的诸多优势和存在的不少弊端,并立足世纪之交、大力推进素质教育、注重培养学生创新精神的高度,提出了优化师专历史教育专业主干课程设置体系,加大主干课程教学改革的力度,提高师专历史教育专业主干课程教学质量的若干思考及作法。     

谈"主体参与"型小学数学教材教法课的教学模式

分析了小学数学教材教法课教学中存在的问题,就如何提高课堂教学效率,使学生不但"学会"而且"会学"、"会教"、"会研究"、"会创造",提出了"主体参与"型教学模式,并对其理论建构、基本内容、具体操作及应注意的问题进行了论述。     

再谈我国的积极财政政策--问题·必要性和可能性·有效作用条件

上世纪90年代末以来，为保持国民经济持续、快速，健康发展，我国政府连续几年实施了积极财政政策。财政赤字的日益膨胀和国债规模的迅速扩大，使人忧心重重；由于扩大内需等原因，在近期内继续实施积极财政政策具有必要性和可能性，今后提高积极财政政策的关键是优化财政支出结构，使之适应并推动我国经济结构的调整。