我国变性土资源特点和生产潜力

本文论述了我国变性土资源的分布、发生特点和低产限制因素，并通过对变性土肥力特征及其生产潜力的研究，探讨了这类土壤的改良和合理利用的途径。     

松嫩平原菹草资源及其渔业利用

菹草是松嫩平原湖泊、水库等渔业水域较重要的资源植物。本文根据1984—1992年试验研究的部分成果,初步报道了该平原区渔业水域菹草资源现状和菹草型渔业水体生态系统特点,探讨了菹草的渔业经济价值,并提出菹草资源的渔业合理开发利用途径。     

On the Shapley value and its application to the Italian VQR research assessment exercise

Research assessment exercises have now become common evaluation tools in a number of countries. These exercises have the goal of guiding merit-based public funds allocation, stimulating improvement of research productivity through competition and assessing the impact of adopted research support policies. One case in point is Italy's most recent research assessment effort, VQR 2011–2014 (Research Quality Evaluation), which, in addition to research institutions, also evaluated university departments, and individuals in some cases (i.e., recently hired research staff and members of PhD committees). However, the way an institution's score was divided, according to VQR rules, between its constituent departments or its staff members does not enjoy many desirable properties well known from coalitional game theory (e.g., budget balance, fairness, marginality). We propose, instead, an alternative score division rule that is based on the notion of Shapley value, a well known solution concept in coalitional game theory, which enjoys the desirable properties mentioned above. For a significant test case (namely, Sapienza University of Rome, the largest university in Italy), we present a detailed comparison of the scores obtained, for substructures and individuals, by applying the official VQR rules, with those resulting from Shapley value computations. We show that there are significant differences in the resulting scores, making room for improvements in the allocation rules used in research assessment exercises.     

重庆第三产业R&D投入产出效应的实证研究

本文构建了二级三要素CES生产函数,把要素投入分为R&D投入与非R&D投入两个部分,计算了重庆第三产业五个主要行业的R&D投入与非R&D投入的替代弹性和产出弹性。研究发现这些行业目前都处于规模报酬递增阶段,人力投入与资本投入之间的替代弹性平均约为1,R&D资本投入替代弹性比R&D人力投入替代弹性小,非R&D投入的产出弹性高于R&D投入的产出弹性。最后根据研究结论提出了对策建议。     

产业结构、行业就业关联与就业——基于云南省的实证分析

首先计算出三大模式在不同人均GDP水平时的产业结构偏离度和产业相对劳动生产率,并与云南的情况进行对比,发现云南省的产业结构与就业结构不协调,说明云南今后应该重点发展第二产业和第三产业以扩大就业;然后又从行业就业关联的角度进行就业效应分析,进一步验证第二产业和第三产业的发展对扩大云南就业的重要性,认为云南在制定行业发展政策时要特别注重纺织服装、鞋、帽、皮革、羽绒及其制品业和教育业等行业的发展。     

Professional networks, scientific collaboration, and publication productivity in resource-constrained research institutions in a developing country

We test the hypothesis that scientific collaboration is associated with increased publication productivity. We differentiate our approach from other studies by (a) incorporating professional networks in the productivity model, (b) casting productivity and collaboration as distinct phenomena, and (c) examining these phenomena in the context of resource-constrained research institutions in a developing country. We use survey data and employ negative binomial regression models. Results indicate that publication productivity is significantly linked to professional network factors, but there is no evidence of any association with scientific collaboration. We observe that most scientists collaborate in research projects despite coordination difficulties, and without any measurable impact on their productivity. Our interviews reveal that a possible answer to this puzzle appears to be rooted in a practice that views collaborative research projects not mainly as a means to producing knowledge and gaining recognition, but for acquiring professional opportunities and extrinsic rewards. Our findings suggest a new way of modeling publication productivity, with implications for science and innovation policy in both the developed and the developing world.     

中国对外投资逆向技术溢出效应实证研究:基于吸收能力的分析视角

利用中国2003至2008年省级对外直接投资面板数据,本文实证分析了无特定优势中国跨国公司对外投资是否产生逆向溢出效应.结果显示,以各省的对外投资额为基础构建的国外研发资本存量变量与对外投资企业所在省市全要素生产率的提高密切相关,表明逆向溢出效应确实存在.然而,本文进一步发现,对外投资的逆向溢出效应并非是普遍和一致的,而是取决于跨国公司所在省市的吸收能力.通过发现逆向溢出证据,本文不仅在实证证据上提供了对于“资产寻求型”对外投资动机假说的支持,为中国企业通过跨国经营获取外生性创新驱动要素提供了一个全新角度的解释,同时为我国各省区提升逆向技术溢出吸收能力指明了战略创新方向.     

我国农业科研投入对农业增长的贡献研究——基于1995-2007年省级面板数据的实证分析

本文利用1995 - 2007年全国各省数据计算狭义的农业科研对农业增长的贡献水平,以估算农业科技存量为基础,利用静态面板估计了不同函数形式下科研变量对农业生产的弹性,计算了农业的边际回报率和内部收益率两个重要的指标.通过比较相关研究结论,本文发现从国家层面看,农业科研投入在过去取得了很高的回报率并在促进农业科技进步、...     

产学学术合作对企业创新绩效的影响——桥接科学家的中介作用

 通过对71家代表性企业的论文和专利数据的分析,我们发现在中国有机精细化学这个较为传统的产业内,产学学术合作对企业创新绩效仍然具有显著的促进作用,大学—企业论文合作每增加一个单位,企业R&D产出增加0.6%。此外,这种正向关系受到来自桥接科学家的显著的中介效应。桥接学科学家拥有高度异质性的知识结构、人力资本和关系结构,可以像一座桥那样跨越基础科学与技术创新之间的鸿沟,促使企业从学术界获取并应用隐性的前沿科学信息以实现技术创新。     

基于DEA和Malmquist指数的西部12省水资源利用效率研究

2010年初的西南大旱凸显出了西部地区水资源利用效率低下的现状。本文从分析西部12省入手,采用地区生产总值、固定资产投资总额、全年供水量、用水人口等作为投入产出指标,先运用数据包络分析方法对西部12省2007年和2008年的水资源利用效率进行分析和评价,然后运用Malmquist指数方法对1999年至2008年西部12省的序列数据进行了分析。研究发现,四川、陕西、新疆、内蒙古和广西的水资源利用效率要稍微高些,其他省份应参考这5省的经验进行调整,西藏尤其应该加大调整力度;西部地区整体水资源利用效率的TFP指数为0.956,呈逐年衰退之势;技术是制约西部12省水资源利用效率的主导因素,要提高水资源利用效率首先应该加大科技投入。扩大生产规模,优化产业结构也是水资源效率提高的必由之路。