Body composition differences by age and playing standard in male rugby union and rugby league: A systematic review and meta-analysis

ABSTRACT

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine differences in body compositionn between playing standard and age in male rugby union and rugby league athletes. The MOOSE (Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) guidelines for design, implementation, and reporting were followed. Studies were required to be in male rugby union or league and have body composition as the primary or secondary outcome. Data was required to be presented separately for positional groups and body composition presented as whole-body. A systematic search was performed in PubMed, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, and CINHAHL via EBSCOhost. 57 studies were included for meta-analysis. Results highlighted significantly higher fat-free mass in senior elite than senior sub-elite or junior elite athletes for all RU and RL forwards. Small and non-significant differences were found in fat mass between rugby union playing standards and age categories. Rugby league senior elite forwards had less fat mass than junior elite forwards. Practitioners should prioritise training and nutritional strategies that maximise fat-free mass development, especially in junior elite cohorts.     

大众文化的审美特征

中国大众文化的审美特征立足于我们自身日常生活的审美实践,在文化生产工业化、市场化的过程中,呈现出感性愉悦性文化的倾向。它不以提供对世界的理性反思为目的,而主要倾向于创造娱乐大众的文化形式,达到“捕获”大量受众、获取商业利润的目的,因此,感性层面上的快乐成为大众文化的运作核心。     

大众文化背景下高校思想政治教育的重构与整合

在社会转型过程中，大众文化以其娱乐性、流行性和大众参与性的特征，迅速占领着高校校园的文化市场，对高校思想政治教育产生了强烈的冲击与挑战。本文拟在剖析大众文化对高校思想政治教育影响的基础上，进一步探讨大众文化背景下如何实现高校思想政治教育的重构与整合。     

从衔接词语的翻译失当看英汉语篇中衔接手段合理转换的重要性

英汉互译中衔接手段的合理转换是实现译语语篇连贯的保证。然而在翻译实践中往往存在着转换失当的情况,从而影响了译文的连贯,甚至造成严重的错误。本文通过对一些翻译实例的分析,阐述造成翻译失当的原因,指出衔接手段合理转换对实现译文语篇连贯的重要性。本文还探讨了衔接手段转换的若干方法。     

全民健身运动视角下的黑龙江省大众滑雪运动发展

为了从全民健身运动视角考察黑龙江省大众滑雪运动开展情况,自编《黑龙江省大众滑雪运动调查问卷》,对黑龙江省大众滑雪开展情况进行问卷调查,同时结合访谈法和文献研究法进行研究,结果显示黑龙江省大众滑雪的总体水平较低,各维度中滑雪认知水平高于其他维度;年龄越大滑雪运动水平越高,已婚人士的大众滑雪水平高于其他婚姻类型者的滑雪水平;年龄越小,大众滑雪的认知水平越高,金钱投入越多;年龄越大投入大众滑雪的时间越多;已婚人士有更强的滑雪动机、投入更多的滑雪时间;学历水平越高大众滑雪认知水平就越高;女性在大众滑雪中有更高的消费水平,男性滑雪时间多于女性,而且技术水平明显高于女性。     

高温高湿环境中运动前补液方法及效果研究

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试析晚清文化传播的两种模式

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质点组内力的功改变质心动能的条件

讨论了质点组内力的功是可以改变质心动能的，以及所满足的条件．     

Remote effects of lower limb stretching: preliminary evidence for myofascial connectivity?

The skeletal muscles and the fibrous connective tissue form an extensive, body-wide network of myofascial chains. As fascia can modify its stiffness, strain transmission along these meridians is supposable. The goal of this trial therefore was to collect pilot data for potential remote effects of lower limb stretching on cervical range of motion (ROM). Twenty-six healthy participants (30 ± 6 years) were included in the matched-pairs intervention study. One group (n = 13) performed three 30 s bouts of static stretching for the gastrocnemius and the hamstrings, respectively. An age- and sex-matched control group (CG; n = 13) remained inactive. Pre- and post-intervention, maximal cervical ROM in flexion/extension was assessed. A repeated measures ANOVA revealed systematic differences between groups (P < .05). ROM increased following stretching (143.3 ± 13.9 to 148.2 ± 14°; P < .05) but remained unchanged in the CG (144.6 ± 16.8 to 143.3 ± 16.8°; P > .05). Our data point towards existence of a strain transfer along myofascial meridians. Further randomised controlled studies on conditions, factors and magnitude of tensile transmission are warranted.