Postural balance and rifle stability in a standing shooting position after specific physical effort in biathletes

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of maximal specific physical effort on postural balance and rifle stability in biathletes in a standing shooting position. The study included 10 junior elite biathletes. The measurements were taken with the Vicon system and AMTI force platform. Postural balance and rifle stability characteristics were determined at rest as well as 1 and 5 min post maximal specific physical effort which was performed on a ski ergometer and continued until exhaustion. Maximal physical effort exerted a significant effect on all examined postural sway and rifle sway characteristics. The duration of the post-exercise changes was longer than 5 minutes. Higher post-effort rifle sway was observed in the vertical direction than in the across the shooting line direction. Post-effort postural balance impairment in the shooting line was much greater than in the across the shooting line direction. Moreover, a strong correlation was found between postural balance and rifle stability. Maximal physical effort influenced postural balance and rifle stability during aiming. Rifle sway during aiming in a standing shooting position seems to be coordinated with the postural sway of the biathlete’s body. Thus, an increase in postural sway contributes to greater sway and lesser stability of the rifle.     

乒乓球运动员以预防损伤为主的功能训练

功能训练的理念来源于康复领域,现已逐步应用到运动训练中。由于乒乓球运动的项目特征,乒乓球运动员肩关节、腰椎关节、膝关节、踝关节、腕关节等部位容易出现运动损伤。通过对乒乓球运动员常出现的功能问题进行分析,寻找存在的常见问题,进而提出相应的功能训练建议。乒乓球运动员可根据情况,增加改善肩关节、胸椎关节、髋关节、踝关节的活动范围的训练,提高肩胛骨、核心和下肢稳定性的训练,以及改善肩袖、躯干肌力不平衡的训练,通过针对性的功能训练有效减少乒乓球运动员损伤的发生。     

融入与解放：社会化视域下的体育休闲

从个体社会化的理论视角,阐述了社会化的内涵以及中国人个体社会化的特点.指出,体育休闲是个体社会化的一种途径,它可以促进参与者社会互动交往和社会群体融入,帮助参与者更好地适应社会角色和解放个体身心,有助于参与者提升自我实践能力和养成责任意识;以"广场舞"跑吧"驴友"三项体育休闲活动为例,具体分析其对于参与者个体社会化所具有的价值和所发挥的作用,认为应注意近年来体育休闲中出现的问题,合理管控不利因素,推动国民体育休闲水平的进一步提升.     

Relationship Understanding Between Emotional Stability,Self-Disclosure and Social Adjustment

This paper discusses a survey, carried out by the authors, of 211 employees’ employed in public and private manufacturing organizations in North India to determine if emotional stability acts as a mediator between self-disclosure and social adjustment. Capitalization theory has been used as theoretical framework to examine the proposed relationships. Results indicate that high self-disclosure has positive association with social adjustment. Results also suggest that emotional stability partially mediates self-disclosure and social adjustment relationship. Implications for future research include further examination through additional mediators and other dimensions of self-disclosure from capitalization theory in understudied non-U.S. cultures like India.     

Postural stability,clicker reaction time and bow draw force predict performance in elite recurve archery

Recurve archery is an Olympic sport that requires extreme precision, upper body strength and endurance. The purpose of this research was to quantify how postural stability variables both pre- and post-arrow release, draw force, flight time, arrow length and clicker reaction time, collectively, impacted on the performance or scoring outcomes in elite recurve archery athletes. Thirty-nine elite-level recurve archers (23 male and 16 female; mean age?=?24.7?±?7.3 years) from four different countries volunteered to participate in this study prior to competing at a World Cup event. An AMTI force platform (1000Hz) was used to obtain centre of pressure (COP) measurements 1s prior to arrow release and 0.5s post-arrow release. High-speed footage (200Hz) allowed for calculation of arrow flight time and score. Results identified clicker reaction time, draw force and maximum sway speed as the variables that best predicted shot performance. Specifically, reduced clicker reaction time, greater bow draw force and reduced postural sway speed post-arrow release were predictors of higher scoring shots. It is suggested that future research should focus on investigating shoulder muscle tremors at full draw in relation to clicker reaction time, and the effect of upper body strength interventions (specifically targeting the musculature around the shoulder girdle) on performance in recurve archers.     

系统论视角下广东省广场体育文化评价指标体系研究

在阅读和梳理中外相关研究文献的基础上,初步提出广东省广场体育文化指标体系.采用特尔斐法,通过三轮专家问卷调查,吸取了专家们的意见和建议,对指标体系不断进行修改和完善,通过因子分析法进一步对其检验,最终确立广东省广场体育文化指标体系,包括广场体育物质文化、广场体育制度文化、广场体育精神文化和广场体育行为文化,4个一级指标、10个二级指标和32个三级指标.该指标已在广东省个案广场调查中应用,结果显示,这套指标设置合理,便于操作,适合我省广场体育文化建设调查和分析,对推动广场体育文化建设和促进全民健身活动开展将具有重要价值.     

基于五大发展理念的水利水电工程移民政策评价——以《大中型水利水电工程建设征地补偿和移民安置条例》为例

基于五大发展理念对《大中型水利水电工程建设征地补偿和移民安置条例》(国务院471号令)移民政策的进步性、局限性、制度合理性和实践合理性进行评价,有助于条例的修订完善及水利水电移民事业健康发展.471号令相对于74号令在各个方面都有了较大的进步,但一些条款已经不能适应发展要求,需在五大发展理念的指导下进行完善:移民管理体制要从"管理"转变为"治理",实现创新发展;要进一步明确项目法人与地方政府的权责,实现协调发展;要将生态文明建设、美丽中国建设的新要求贯彻到移民工作中,实现绿色发展;要消除部门立法、行业保护的影响,实现开放发展;要更多地让利于移民及安置区群众,实现共享发展.     

第34届世界体操锦标赛男子跳马的技术统计与分析

对第 3 4届体操锦标赛男子跳马项目进行了技术统计分析 ,旨在为今后我国男子跳马项目的训练与竞赛工作提供参考依据。结果表明 :动作难度一般 ,起评分较低 ,动作完成质量不高 ,落地稳定性差 ,最后得分偏低     

射箭技术评价指标的综合研究

方法:运用Qualisisy红外光点测试系统、Footscan足底压力测试系统、Noraxon肌电遥测系统等对国家队射箭队运动员进行测试,对运动员的射箭动作技术进行分析。结论:1)姿态角、肌肉用力激活程度、举弓阶段主要用力肌肉激活顺序、举弓、开弓时间等的一致性可作为射箭技术评价指标;2)各动作阶段所用时间的长短不能作为技术评价指标,但开举弓时间比与中国国家队射箭成绩正相关;3)基础平衡的足底压力中心指标可作为身体素质、选材及成绩预测的参考依据;4)射箭运动员实射时身体在前、后方向上的稳定性较差,主要与腹背肌力量的不均衡及没有专业运动鞋有关;5)运动学及肌电学都表明,中国射箭训练对举弓、开弓阶段的重视不够,背部肌肉用力特征不明显,撒放技术合理性不高。建议:1)快节奏只是个别运动员的特点,不能因为团体比赛时限缩短而过多强调快节奏。2)采用振动法或不稳定支撑面的力量训练方法进行力量训练。因为这两种训练方法不仅可增加肌肉力量,而且可使神经肌肉的协调性、本体感受器得到训练,从而增强对射箭动作的感觉能力;3)为射箭运动员定制或选择有防滑块鞋底、前后上翘程度符合运动员脚型特点的射箭专用鞋。     

腰部竖脊肌疲劳运动过程中表面肌电信号线性和非线性指标的变化

通过等长背伸运动负荷诱发腰部竖脊肌疲劳并记录全程表面肌电（sEMG）信号,分别以快速傅立叶变换（FFT）计算平均功率频率MPF和非线性RQA方法计算确定性线段百分数（?T）。结果显示,MPF随着肌肉疲劳的发展而逐渐下降,而?T呈现反向变化趋势,提示肌肉疲劳时的sEMG信号规律性在增强。?T的变异系数CV比MPF的小,说明?T作为腰部肌肉功能状态的评价指标具有独特的优势。