Some possible effects of behaviour management training on teacher confidence and competence: evidence from a study of primary school teachers in Hong Kong

This study aims to explore the relationships between the extent and perceived quality of teachers’ experience of training in behaviour management (BM), and their awareness of the nature and extent of behavioural problems among school students, and their confidence in their own competence to deal with such problems. Teachers (n = 183) from Hong Kong primary schools were surveyed. The results showed that gender, age and whether teachers have received training had no significant influence on teachers’ awareness, conception and confidence regarding BM. A negative correlation was found between teachers’ levels of satisfaction in relation to their training experiences and their perceptions of the level of problematic behaviours among students, and the impact of students’ problematic behaviour on their teaching. A positive correlation was found between teachers’ levels of satisfaction in relation to their training experiences and their confidence in their own competence to deal with students’ problematic behaviour.     

农村基础教育应适当体现农村特色

农村学生身心的全面发展和社会的发展都需要农村基础教育适当培养学生具有与农村相关的基本素养,同时适当开发、利用农村得天独厚的教育资源,也有助于学生各方面素养发展。因此,农村基础教育应该在政府有关部门和其他方面力量的支持之下,通过自身积极的、创造性的工作,适当地、有效地开发利用农村的教育资源,从而有效地促进学生身心的全面发展,促进其与农村相关的基本素养的养成,使农村基础教育的改革与发展既符合教育改革与发展的一般要求,又在其培养目标、教育内容与教育方式等方面适当地体现农村的特色。     

长江流域碳排放量的测算及减排研究

鉴于长江流域环境保护在我国转型发展中的重要战略地位,为定量研究长江流域碳排放量的变化趋势,文章在齐绍州和付坤建立的测算方法基础上,建立了分行业、分省区、分时段测算长江流域的碳排放量及其增长率的测算方法。长江流域碳排放量的结构及其增长率变化趋势表明,总的碳排放量增长率正在不断下降。这是由于长江流域各省区正在大力发展交通、物流、通讯业等惠及民生的产业,政府系列政策的实施效果不断得到体现。     

The Multidimensionality of Measurement Bias in High-Stakes Testing: Using Machine Learning to Evaluate Complex Sources of Differential Item Functioning

Test developers and psychometricians have historically examined measurement bias and differential item functioning (DIF) across a single categorical variable (e.g., gender), independently of other variables (e.g., race, age, etc.). This is problematic when more complex forms of measurement bias may adversely affect test responses and, ultimately, bias test scores. Complex forms of measurement bias include conditional effects, interactions, and mediation of background information on test responses. I propose a multidimensional, person-specific perspective of measurement bias to explain how complex sources of bias can manifest in the assessment of human knowledge, skills, and abilities. I also describe a data-driven approach for identifying key sources of bias among many possibilities—namely, a machine learning method commonly known as regularization.     

Evaluating the feasibility of remotely administered curriculum-based measurement for students with autism: A pilot study

Students with autism may struggle to develop the academic skills necessary for success in school and beyond. Understanding and improving academic skills performance requires appropriate measurement approaches. One such option that has been minimally studied with students with autism is curriculum-based measurement (CBM). Coinciding with the need to study different approaches to academic skills measurement for students with autism was the global pandemic which forced a shift to remote service delivery with little warning. While some autistic students struggled with this shift, others thrived, raising questions about how to further support students with autism in virtual formats. The purpose of this study was to examine the feasibility of using remotely administered CBM for autistic students by studying both the practicality and acceptability of this approach. Five students with autism (Grades 2–5) participated in this pilot study, completing reading, math, and writing CBMs at three time points. Student behavior and assessor fidelity were collected to examine practicality; assessor ratings of usability provided insight regarding the acceptability of the approach. Results indicated that remotely administered CBM is feasible for some students with autism: all participants completed the study tasks with minimal behavioral difficulties, and assessor ratings of acceptability were high.     

User community vs. producer innovation development efficiency: A first empirical study

In this paper we report upon a first empirical exploration of the relative efficiency of innovation development by product users vs. product producers. In a study of over 50 years of product innovation in the whitewater kayaking field, we find users in aggregate were approximately 3× more efficient at developing important kayaking product innovations than were producers in aggregate. We speculate that this result is driven by what we term “efficiencies of scope” in problem-solving. These can favor an aggregation of many user innovators, each spending a little, over fewer producer innovators benefitting from higher economies of scale in product development. We also note that the present study explores only one initial point on what is likely to be a complex efficiency landscape.     

家用果蔬农药残留检测机设计

食品安全问题是民生问题,随着"绿色"这一概念在人们脑海里的深入,果蔬作为人们生活中不可或缺的食品,其农药残留超标问题也越来越受到大家的关注。对一些有特殊人群存在的家庭而言,农药残留超标问题确实迫在眉睫。研究和设计家用农药检测机有助于人们真正快速有效的解决果蔬农药残留问题。文章分析农药残留速测卡的特点,针对速测卡的优缺点设计一款家用农药残留速测机。     

一种收发不同频天线测试系统设计改造

本文介绍了一种带有非线性器件的射频通道天线的测试方法,针对这一种类型的天线系统,构建了一种收发不同频的天线测试系统。基于已有的室内天线远场测试系统,在不改变原有远场系统硬件配置以及软件系统的基础上,只添加一套对应的混频装置,就可完成对带有发射上变频与接收下变频通道的天线测量。系统的改造方案具有一定的通用性。在工程上对内置频率转换器件的这一类型天线方向图的精确测量具有一定的借鉴意义。     

管理实证研究中的统计控制误用分析及改进

在管理实证研究中,统计控制误用的情况尚未得到足够重视。解释了控制变量的概念和统计控制的应用原理,并分别分析了控制变量与理论构念或测量指标相关的情况下,统计控制对分析结果的影响。通过分析表明,当控制变量与理论构念相关时,常用的统计控制方式——分层回归分析所检验的并不是自变量对因变量的总解释度,而是在考虑控制变量的情况下增加解释度;而当控制变量与测量指标相关时,分层回归分析并不适用。针对以上问题,提出了相应的统计应对策略。     

科技创业企业种群生态位测度方法研究

科技创业对于促进区域经济发展和科技进步至关重要。引入生态位理论提出了区域科技创业企业种群生态位概念,借鉴物种生态位测度思想构建了科技创业企业种群生态位的测度模型。以青岛为例分别测度了科技创业企业种群的生态位宽度和重叠度,并利用综合评价模型对科技创业生态位适宜度进行了评价。