关于人类运动极限的哲学思考

北京奥运会上,博尔特以令人难以置信的速度打破了人类100 m世界纪录,又一次引发了关于人类运动极限的大讨论.在此背景下,在分析人类运动极限的两个相反观点基础上,认为:生理极限是人类运动极限有限论的理论基础;社会因素的时代性是人类运动极限无限论的理论基础;自然外力是制约运动极限的偶然性因素,只有在自然外力最大的基础上讨论人类运动极限才有实际意义;测不准原理决定了人们用数量方法预测人类运动极限的局限性;人类运动极限是有限性和无限性的统一.     

我国国民体质检测指标体系的变化研究

通过对近几十年来幼儿、学生、成人和老人组检测指标体系进行整理、研究,发现形态、机能和素质3类指标趋于稳定和合理,医学上的部分指标运用在学生的体质检测上,心理健康和社会适应方面的指标几乎没有。建议在幼儿组加入反应心理发育的测试指标（或量表）,在学生和成年人组加入心理健康和社会适应测试指标（或量表）,老年人群的测试应与健康检查结合在一起及尽快制定出70岁以上老年人群的测试指标。     

CUBA男子篮球运动员身体素质测试结果分析

运用问卷调查、定量测试等方法,对8支CUBA男子篮球运动员各项身体素质指标进行了测试。发现后卫、前锋、中锋不同位置队员在速度、柔韧和下肢力量的差异不具有显著性意义;仰卧起坐、弹跳和速度耐力三项中,三种位置队员间的差异都具有非常显著性意义;灵敏素质、一般耐力素质方面,各位置队员问的差异都具有显著性意义。     

动作协调与"爆发力"表现田径跳跃动作协调能力测量与评价方法研究

通过专家访谈与问卷调查,确定了6组12项动作指标作为协调能力测试行为样本。运用生物力学方法与人体运动的动力学方法,以相同动作冗余自由度的控制与不控制作为刺激变量,以动作爆发力表现水平的差值为因变量,通过对两组不同水平被试测验成绩的比较,对跳跃专项动作协调能力进行了定性与定量评价。     

体力活动测量方法研究进展

体力活动水平与健康之间存在着剂量反应,如何准确测量体力活动水平是研究人员关心的问题。本文综述了体力活动研究的几种主要方法:行为观察法,双标水法,间接热量测量法,心率法,运动传感器法,问卷法。双标水法被认为是人体能量消耗测量的金标准,间接热量测量法也经常被用来校正其他测量方法,但这两种方法很难在大规模人群中应用。运动传感器和问卷法是在大规模人群中应用比较多的两种方法。     

The dynamic control ratio at the equilibrium point (DCRe): introducing relative and absolute reliability scores

Analytical methods to assess thigh muscle balance need to provide reliable data to allow meaningful interpretation. However, reproducibility of the dynamic control ratio at the equilibrium point has not been evaluated yet. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare relative and absolute reliability indices of its angle and moment values with conventional and functional hamstring–quadriceps ratios. Furthermore, effects of familiarisation and angular velocity on reproducibility were analysed. A number of 33 male volunteers participated in 3 identical test sessions. Peak moments (PMs) were determined unilaterally during maximum concentric and eccentric knee flexion (prone) and extension (supine position) at 0.53, 1.57 and 2.62 rad · s^–1. A repeated measure, ANOVA, confirmed systematic bias. Intra-class correlation coefficients and standard errors of measurement indicated relative and absolute reliability. Correlation coefficients were averaged over respective factors and tested for significant differences. All balance scores showed comparable low-to-moderate relative (<0.8–0.9) and good absolute reliability (<10%). Relative reproducibility of dynamic control equilibrium parameters augmented with increasing angular velocity, but not with familiarisation. At 2.62 rad · s^–1, high (moment: 0.906) to moderate (angle: 0.833) relative reliability scores with accordingly high absolute indices (4.9% and 6.4%) became apparent. Thus, the dynamic control equilibrium is an equivalent method for the reliable assessment of thigh muscle balance.     

Is a single question of the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) valid for measuring sedentary behaviour in the Chilean population?

A study was conducted to assess the validity of the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) for measuring sedentary behaviour (SB) in the Chilean adult population. About 217 adults (93/124 male/female, 43.8 ± 15.75 years) who were randomly selected during National Health Survey 2009–2010 completed the protocol. The participants wore an ActiGraph GT3X (AG) for 7 consecutive days and then completed the GPAQ (single-item question for measuring time spent sitting in a usual day). Validity was examined using Spearman’s correlation, mean bias and limits of agreement (LoA), with AG (vertical axis <100 counts · min^?1) as the reference standard for estimates of SB in bouts of 1 (AG1), 5 (AG5) and 10 (AG10) min. Agreement between the GPAQ and AG for classifying data into quartiles and tertiles was assessed with kappa method. The GPAQ showed fair correlation with AG1, AG5 and AG10 (range = 0.23–0.26), with large mean biases (range = ?293.9, ?76.12 min · day^?1). Agreement between the GPAQ and AG1, AG5 and AG10 was poor for categorising time spent in SB into tertiles and quartiles. The single question from the GPAQ has shown fair validity for measuring SB and poor ability for correctly classifying individuals into tertiles or quartiles of SB in a Chilean population.     

A short German Physical-Self-Concept Questionnaire for elementary school children (PSCQ-C): Factorial validity and measurement invariance across gender

Research on children’s physical self-concept (PSC) is increasingly recognised as an important field of psychology. However, there is a lack of instruments suitable for younger children at elementary school age. In the present study, a short German 21-item Physical Self-Concept-Questionnaire for children (PSCQ-C) was tested measuring seven specific facets of elementary school children’s PSC (strength, endurance, speed, flexibility, coordination, physical appearance, global sport competence). A number of 770 elementary school children aged 8–12 years completed the PSCQ-C. Results showed good psychometric properties and high reliabilities of the seven scales. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the presumed 7-factor model fitted the data best compared to a global 1- and 2-factor model. Also, full measurement invariance was strongly established. Correlations among the seven scales were mainly moderate. Gender differences were suggestive of developmental trends that are consistent with prior studies. These results provide support that the PSCQ-C is a confidential instrument with sound psychometric properties measuring seven specific facets of elementary school children’s PSC.     

单源三站外辐射源雷达目标探测性能

论述全向外辐射源雷达空中目标探测系统的主要问题及系统体制损失。针对单源单站（SISO）和单源三站（SITO）两种工作方式,在接收天线阵元数相同的情况下分析探测距离和定位精度。在单源三站条件下推导直角坐标系中的目标速度矢量表达式,并分析速度测量精度。研究结果表明,在一定条件下,单源三站组网方式的空间覆盖范围与单源单站相当,且具有平面定位精度较高,可获得目标速度矢量和技术实现难度小的特点。     

Validity and Reliability of Three Self-Report Instruments for Assessing Attainment of Physical Activity Guidelines in University Students

The purpose of this study was to compare the validity and reliability of three short physical activity self-report instruments to determine their potential for use with university student populations. The participants (N = 155; 44.5% male; 22.9 ± 5.13 years) wore an accelerometer for 9 consecutive days and completed a single-item measure, the a brief two item measure and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire—Short Form questionnaires on day 1 and 9. Correlations between self-reported and accelerometer derived moderate-to-vigorous physical activity levels were moderate for the International Physical Activity Questionnaire—Short Form, while poor for the single-item measure and the a brief two item measure. The agreement level was high with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire—Short Form (77.4%) and moderate for both the single-item measure (45.2 %) and a brief two item measure (44.5 %). The intraclass correlations between the two administrations were moderate to strong across all measures (0.52–0.70) in 133 participants. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire—Short Form is the most suitable of these three self-report instruments for use with this population due to higher correlations and levels of agreement with accelerometry.