基于战略的组织结构设计

美国著名学者钱德勒(A.D.Chandler)认为:战略决定结构,结构追随战略。表明了组织结构必须依据战略而设计。以往的组织结构设计旨在为企业提供一个堆满了各种结构形式的篮子,任凭企业去选择,没有提出形式设计或选择的标准,结果这些结构外衣穿在企业身上并不得体。组织结构设计并非一定要在众多的形式中进行选择,甚至也并非一定要有清晰确定的结构形式,只要符合战略要求,并依据战略所确定的组织结构倾向程度都可以作为企业的组织结构。     

Battles for technological dominance: an integrative framework

This paper proposes an integrative framework for understanding the process by which a technology achieves dominance when “battling” against other technological designs. We focus on describing the different stages of a dominance battle and propose five battle milestones that in turn define five key phases in the process. We review the literature from several disciplines to identify the key firm- and environment-level factors that affect the outcome of a technology battle and posit that the relative importance of each factor will vary depending on the phase considered. Our framework complements and extends existing literature and has implications both for theory and for management practice.     

轴向柱塞泵流体噪声的机理分析

以降低轴向柱塞泵流体噪声为目的，围绕轴向柱塞泵的柱塞数和轴向柱塞泵配油盘结构对产生流体噪声的机理进行了理论分析，并对降低轴向柱塞泵流体噪声的措施进行了试验。试验研究表明：对轴向柱塞泵配油盘结构进行优化设计，使柱塞腔内高压油与低压油切换时避免高、低压油突然串通而造成的压力冲击所产生的噪声，是降低轴向柱塞泵流体噪声的一条有效途径。     

Ethics and technology design

This article offers a discussion of the connection between technology and values and, specifically, I take a closer look at ethically sound design. In order to bring the discussion into a concrete context, the theory of Value Sensitive Design (VSD) will be the focus point. To illustrate my argument concerning design ethics, the discussion involves a case study of an augmented window, designed by the VSD Research Lab, which has turned out to be a potentially surveillance-enabling technology. I call attention to a “positivist problem” that has to do with the connection between the design context and the use context, which VSD seems to presuppose, and I argue that it is necessary to clearly distinguish between the two, since the designers’ intentions do not always correspond with the users’ practice; in fact, the relation between design and use is very complex and principally unpredictable. Thus, a design theory must accept that foresight is limited to anticipation rather than prediction. To overcome the positivist problem, I suggest a phenomenological approach to technology inspired by Don Ihde’s concept of multistability. This argument, which is general in nature and thus applies to any theory of design ethics, is intended as a constructive criticism, which can hopefully contribute to the further development of design ethics.     

舞台视效联动控制系统软件设计与实现

解析一款舞台视效设备联动控制系统,可实现对舞台灯光、LED屏、投影等视效设备的联动控制,根据应用特点设计软件结构,并在实现中加以优化。     

一种新式背负型支撑装置的结构设计

随着武器装备的小型化,便携式装备应用越来越广,进而对便携式装备的体积、重量等指标方面的要求也越来越高。在单兵背负便携设备进行作战架设时,结构巧妙的支撑装置会给整个系统的背负、架设、撤收带来较好的实战效果。文章从支撑装置的选材、结构形式、功能等方面加以阐述,体现了该结构设计的新颖与实用性。     

Surveillance,Privacy and the Ethics of Vehicle Safety Communication Technologies

Recent advances in wireless technologies have led to the development of intelligent, in-vehicle safety applications designed to share information about the actions of nearby vehicles, potential road hazards, and ultimately predict dangerous scenarios or imminent collisions. These vehicle safety communication (VSC) technologies rely on the creation of autonomous, self-organizing, wireless communication networks connecting vehicles with roadside infrastructure and with each other. As the technical standards and communication protocols for VSC technologies are still being developed, certain ethical implications of these new information technologies emerge: Coupled with the predicted safety benefits of VSC applications is a potential rise in the ability to surveil a driver engaging in her everyday activities on the public roads. This paper will explore how the introduction of VSC technologies might disrupt the “contextual integrity” of personal information flows in the context of highway travel and threaten one’s “privacy in public.” Since VSC technologies and their related protocols and standards are still in the developmental stage, the paper will conclude by revealing how close attention to the ethical implications of the remaining design decisions can inform and guide designers of VSC technologies to create innovate safety applications that increase public safety, but without compromising the value of one’s privacy in public. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation PORTIA Grant No. CNS-0331542, and could not have been completed without the valuable guidance of Prof. Helen Nissenbaum (New York University) and Prof. Dan Boneh (Stanford University). I am grateful to many other colleagues who generously contributed to this work with excellent comments and suggestions, including Emily Clark and Steve Tengler at the VSCC, and Sam Howard-Spink, Joseph Reagle and Tim Weber at New York University. Drafts were further sharpened through opportunities to present at colloquia and conferences sponsored by New York University’s Department of Culture & Communication, the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the Society for Philosophy and Technology, and Computer Ethics: Philosophical Enquiry.     

企业管理模拟训练系统的设计与实现

本文探讨了企业管理模拟训练系统的结构与功能、设计与实现。     

中国绿色设计能力评价及“资产-负债”分析

衡量区域绿色设计能力是一项复杂的系统工程,有效的绿色设计能力评价体系和方法可以实时监测和指导区域的绿色设计发展。目前,国内外尚无系统的用于评价区域绿色设计水平的定量方法,已有研究多为定性分析和描述。文章依据"绿色设计"的理论内涵、结构内涵、功能内涵和统计内涵,首次构建绿色设计能力评价指标体系,在统计规则统一的比较下,完成对中国各地区的绿色设计能力评价。基于以上指标体系,推出测算绿色设计能力的"资产负债表",计算得出我国各地区绿色设计能力相对净资产"地图",使各地区既能从宏观整体上认识其绿色设计能力在全国的发展水平,也能从自身内部了解不同分项能力优劣势,从而找到发展"短板",有的放矢增强其绿色设计能力。     

基于擦除法的C语言动画设计与实现

本文介绍了程序设计语言中动画设计的原理，在C语言中的动画设计常用方法。并提出了在C语言中新的动画设计方法——擦除法。阐述擦除法动画设计的原理，并通过一个具体的实例详细介绍了这种方法的设计实现，文中末尾总结了擦除法动画设计的优点及适用的范围。