“升级式”实验模块的建立及其教学模式的探索

旧的实验教学模式使学生处于被动的学习地位,学生真正动手操作的机会很少,不利于学生各方面能力的培养。通过建立“升级式”实验模块及其教学模式的探索,结果表明：整合实验教学内容、改革实验教学模式可以明显提高实验效果,培养学生创新能力。     

A shortage of cadavers: The predicament of regional anatomy education in mainland China

Both in mainland China and around the world, regional anatomy stands as one of the most important basic science courses in medical school curricula. As such, dissection of human cadavers and use of prosected specimens remains the most essential teaching method in anatomy education. However, medical educators have raised increasing concerns about an ongoing shortage of cadavers for medical use in mainland China, a problem which may seriously limit the future development of human anatomy education. Based on a survey on cadaver usage in anatomy education in mainland China, this study found that the cadaver resources of most given medical schools in mainland China are associated with their geographic location, academic ranking, and local support for body donation policies. Effective measures to alleviate this shortage of cadavers may include future efforts to promote national‐level body donation legislation, broader acceptance of body donation among Chinese citizens, and an efficient and humane protocol for body donation. Anat Sci Educ 11: 397–402. © 2018 American Association of Anatomists.     

高职高专护生评判性思维能力现状调查及《内科护理学》教学改革应对分析

为了了解在校大专护生评判性思维倾向性的现状,为高等护理教学改革提供依据,本文对在校236名全日刺护理大专生运用评判性思维倾向测量表（CTDI-CV）进行问卷调查。结果表明,高职高专护生评判性思维能力强的学生比例很小,在系统化能力、评判性思维的自信心、寻找真相方面的评判性思维特质尤需加强,应进一步加大教学改革力度,进行有针对性的课程设置,以促进学生评判性思维能力的培养。     

启发式教学法在高中生物课堂中的有效应用探析

高中生物课程是高中阶段的重要学科之一,其具有知识点繁杂、内容抽象性强、理解难度大等特点,单纯的理论讲解很难达到理想的教学效果.启发式教学法是一种快速有效的教学方法,能够有效激发学生对生物课的兴趣,强化学生对生物知识的理解,进而有效提升生物课堂的教学效果.文章在教学实践的基础上,对启发式教学法在高中生物课堂中的应用难题、...     

中职学前教育专业生物教学改革探究——以《自然科学基础知识》生物教学部分为例

当前中职学前教育专业培养目标普遍存在“重艺术技能,轻专业岗位能力”的现象,生物等一些自然学科被视为副科。本文通过调查研究,分析了学前专业学生的生源状况及生物教学存在的不足及产生的原因,并运用生物学教学论的理论,结合培养幼儿教师素质的全面性和发展的可持续性的教育理念提出了改革策略。     

Development of a didactical training concept for peer tutors in gross anatomy

Even though peer tutors are often used in gross anatomy courses, research in the field is rather a subject of the last two decades. This is especially true about the didactical challenges these types of peer tutors experience during their tutorials and about how they are prepared for the task. The aim of the presented study was to learn about the training needs of the tutors, and to subsequently design, implement, and evaluate a didactical training concept. A qualitative design was chosen to examine how tutors can best be prepared for tutorials of gross anatomy. To do so, focus group interviews were conducted. The data were analyzed and grouped into various concepts, using semi‐structured interview questions as guidance. It was found that peer tutors are in need of training in the following aspects: Dealing with students who are experiencing difficulties during or as a result of dissection, dealing with group dynamics, that is, at the dissection table, keeping students motivated, time management, and staying confident as a tutor. In order to be regarded as useful and relevant in the eyes of tutors, a preparatory training course should include all these aspects in addition to general didactical training elements. Training needs of peer tutors of gross anatomy go beyond the content of standardized didactical curricula; therefore, tutors should be prepared with a curriculum that is specifically geared toward the many challenges associated with teaching gross anatomy to first year medical students which are already so well documented in the research literature. Anat Sci Educ 10: 495–502. © 2017 American Association of Anatomists.     

Evaluation of usage of virtual microscopy for the study of histology in the medical,dental, and veterinary undergraduate programs of a UK University

This article describes the introduction of a virtual microscope (VM) that has allowed preclinical histology teaching to be fashioned to better suit the needs of approximately 900 undergraduate students per year studying medicine, dentistry, or veterinary science at the University of Bristol, United Kingdom. Features of the VM implementation include: (1) the facility for students and teachers to make annotations on the digital slides; (2) in‐house development of VM‐based quizzes that are used for both formative and summative assessments; (3) archiving of teaching materials generated each year, enabling students to access their personalized learning resources throughout their programs; and (4) retention of light microscopy capability alongside the VM. Student feedback on the VM is particularly positive about its ease of use, the value of the annotation tool, the quizzes, and the accessibility of all components off‐campus. Analysis of login data indicates considerable, although variable, use of the VM by students outside timetabled teaching. The median number of annual logins per student account for every course exceeded the number of timetabled histology classes for that course (1.6–3.5 times). The total number of annual student logins across all cohorts increased from approximately 9,000 in the year 2007–2008 to 22,000 in the year 2010–2011. The implementation of the VM has improved teaching and learning in practical classes within the histology laboratory and facilitated consolidation and revision of material outside the laboratory. Discussion is provided of some novel strategies that capitalize on the benefits of introducing a VM, as well as strategies adopted to overcome some potential challenges. Anat Sci Educ 7: 389–398. © 2013 American Association of Anatomists.     

大学《分子生物学》教学改革初探

为了提高分子生物学教学效果,提高学生的独立思考和动手能力,文章倡导以“教师为主导,学生为主体”的教学理念,笔者在3个方面进行了改革尝试。一是选用最新和流行的优秀中文和英文教材,保证了教学内容和理念与研究进展保持同步;二是改革更新教学方式,在双语教学、教学手段和课后总结等做了重点改革尝试;三是实验教学改革,将一个大实验分解成8个连贯的小实验作为实验教学内容。整个改革过程连续进行2年,教师的业务素质得到提高,学生的学习态度和习惯都得到了改善,增强了学生学习效果。     

Combining fiber dissection,plastination, and tractography for neuroanatomical education: Revealing the cerebellar nuclei and their white matter connections

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in white matter anatomy of the human brain. With advances in brain imaging techniques, the significance of white matter integrity for brain function has been demonstrated in various neurological and psychiatric disorders. As the demand for interpretation of clinical and imaging data on white matter increases, the needs for white matter anatomy education are changing. Because cross‐sectional images and formalin‐fixed brain specimens are often insufficient in visualizing the complexity of three‐dimensional (3D) white matter anatomy, obtaining a comprehensible conception of fiber tract morphology can be difficult. Fiber dissection is a technique that allows isolation of whole fiber pathways, revealing 3D structural and functional relationships of white matter in the human brain. In this study, we describe the use of fiber dissection in combination with plastination to obtain durable and easy to use 3D white matter specimens that do not require special care or conditions. The specimens can be used as a tool in teaching white matter anatomy and structural connectivity. We included four human brains and show a series of white matter specimens of both cerebrum and cerebellum focusing on the cerebellar nuclei and associated white matter tracts, as these are especially difficult to visualize in two‐dimensional specimens and demonstrate preservation of detailed human anatomy. Finally, we describe how the integration of white matter specimens with radiological information of new brain imaging techniques such as diffusion tensor imaging tractography can be used in teaching modern neuroanatomy with emphasis on structural connectivity. Anat Sci Educ. 7: 47–55. © 2013 American Association of Anatomists.     

浅淡初中生物教学中的“愉快教学法”

在初中生物课程的教学中,倡导运用融知识性和趣味性于一体的＂愉快教学法＂,即通过课堂导入激趣引思、教学方法贴切自然、恰当运用教材中的愉快因素、借助真实体验创设愉快情境等环节,使学生在愉悦的心境中学到知识,在轻松的气氛下受到良好教育。