Leveraging microgrants to support capacity-building workshops in low- and middle-income countries for meeting the Sustainable Development Goals

Twenty fifteen marked the year of assessment for the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The MDGs that achieved the greatest success were those where evidence-based practice (EBP) interventions were implemented. The ability to practice evidence-based medicine is grounded in the creation of and access to medical literature that synthesizes research findings. The role that global health literature played in the success of the MDGs demonstrates that medical libraries and librarians have a role to play in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).Librarians can hold capacity-building workshops that provide instruction on how to access evidence-based literature and also train health professionals to conduct synthesis research. Research findings conducted by in-country health professionals are more likely to address issues being faced by local communities and will afford the possibility of obtaining the necessary evidence-based answers that can then be used to implement policies to resolve public health issues identified in the SDGs.This paper discusses how an international team of librarians leveraged funding from a Medical Library Association/Librarians without Borders/Elsevier Foundation/Research4Life grant to hold a capacity-building workshop in Zimbabwe and follow-up online trainings. The workshop focused on accessing evidence-based resources and conducting synthesis research. Outcomes included the creation and policy implementation of evidence-based knowledge products in alignment with local needs and galvanizing a multisectoral group of key individuals who have gone on to collaborate toward the vision of creating a Zimbabwe innovation hub. Looking ahead, such grants can be leveraged to conduct capacity-building to support knowledge translation and other local training needs.     

基于针孔阵列型的单次曝光双波长叠层成像

传统的叠层成像技术在增加参与成像的波长数量时,可有效地提高系统的成像质量和抗噪声能力。该技术已广泛应用于成像及测量等领域。但其复杂的机械移动式曝光方式,导致系统存在抖动、数据采集效率低且精度较差等问题,在增加成像波长数量时更严重地影响系统成像和测量性能。采用针孔阵列型双波长单次曝光叠层成像技术,经过实际的光学实验和数值模拟论证,在双波长情况下实现对实验数据的高效和高精度采集,避免了传统多波长叠层成像技术的弊端。还指出并论证,在选择参与成像的激光波长时,有必要考虑两个重要的波长参数：中心波长和波长间隔,为多波长的叠层成像技术提供有效的指导依据。与传统的双波长、多波长叠层成像技术相比,基于针孔阵列型的双波长单次曝光叠层成像技术具有更高的效率和更广泛的应用领域。     

20-羟基蜕皮酮的药理作用和医学应用研究进展

蜕皮甾体是无脊椎动物的重要激素,也是多种中药的有效成分。本文介绍了蜕皮甾体中最重要的20-羟基蜕皮酮(20E)的药理作用和医学应用研究进展。20E能够有效促进哺乳动物的多种组织和器官的核酸与蛋白质的合成及糖代谢和脂类代谢,改善高血糖症和高血脂症：调节免疫功能和中枢神经系统,改善和治疗缺氧和缺血性脑损伤。20E具有较高的抗氧化活性,促使红血球再生,抗内皮细胞损伤,促进表皮细胞分化,增强生命力。     

对农村免费临床医学定向生学习激励的探讨简

近年来,一批高等医学院校陆续开展农村免费医学定向生的培养工作,但学生入学后在不同程度上出现了学习积极性和主动性下降、学习动力不足的问题.文章结合国家相关政策对农村免费医学定向生的特点进行分析,并在此基础上提出扎实开展入学教育工作、构建全科医学人才培养体系、设立专项奖学金、建立学校与定向单位联合培养机制和实行“先培养、后分配”的就业方式等增强和激励医学定向生学习动力的举措.     

跨国医药公司在华专利申请格局研判

在中国药品市场,跨国医药公司是专利药申请的主导性力量。本文通过对具代表性的跨国医药公司在华药品专利与注册数据库进行统计分析,解析其在华专利申请特点与策略,及专利申请与药品市场投放活动的内在联系。为本土制药企业规划技术创新和专利保护途径提供相关依据。     

人体标本的分类及意义

人体标本是指在人体解剖学教学和科研工作中所使用的整体或局部的人体标本。根据书籍、教材和文献将人体标本进行分类,对更好地保护和使用人体标本有着非常重要的意义。     

全数字化语言实验室系统环境下的医学英语教学研究

为了将全数字化语言实验室系统（Newclass）应用于医学英语教学研究,探求构建全新教学模式,以改善低效的教学现状。挑选了实验班与对照班各62人。全数字化语言实验室系统环境下进行医学英语教学,能够提高学生的语言应用能力（听说、词汇、摘要写作）与自主学习能力,但对阅读理解能力提高并不显著。     

Learning and adaptation with regard to complementary medicine in a foreign context: Intercultural experiences of medical students from different cultural backgrounds

Little is known about challenges and transition that medical students from different cultural backgrounds face with regard to complementary medicine (CM). This paper explores such students’ experiences and perspectives of socio-cultural and academic difference with regard to CM and experiences of intercultural relations. Using a constructivist grounded theory approach, 30 in-depth qualitative interviews were conducted with medical students across 10 Australian medical schools. The data were rigorously analysed through a systematic process of coding, categorisation and theoretical development. The findings indicate that students adapted considerably to the host culture. Students with Western backgrounds integrated better socio-culturally and academically compared to students with non-Western backgrounds. Although nationality represented cultural identity, students’ construction of cultural difference was informed by their perception of diverging value systems within the specific educational environment. These values were, in turn, reflected in students’ reported behaviours, attitudes, and levels of engagement in socio-cultural and academic aspects of university life. Adaptation employed by students was evidenced largely due to their conflicting sense of responsibility towards familial culture regarding CM and focus on fitting in. While students’ tendency to gravitate towards cultural peers was evident, most students adapted to their host environment regarding CM to fit into normal intercultural encounters during medical school. In conclusion, students’ intercultural contact with regard to CM was both complex and problematic. At a time of significant diversification within the higher education student body, this paper highlights the role medical education institutions can play in fostering intercultural and academic guidance and support.     

体育“三自主”教学对医科大学生体质健康的促进研究

我国传统的体育教学形式忽视了学生的个性特点、身体条件、兴趣爱好、接受能力、运动基础等方面的差异,加之医学院校学习紧、压力大,体育教学效果不太理想。实行“三自主”教学,可以较好地改善这方面的不足,对改善医科大学生体质健康水平,提高他们的体育兴趣,具有较为重要的意义。     

浅析武术养生

文章运用文献资料研究方法,对中华武术和传统养生学进行了分析研究,结果认为：武术作为中国传统体育最主要的运动,融汇了中国传统的道教阴阳学、中医经络学等传统养生学的理论内容。经过两千多年的沉淀,内涵了中华文化的精髓,发展成为既具有技击性,又富有健身性和娱乐欣赏性的一种综合艺术。但其出发点自古以来未曾改变,那就是祛病强身。故此,中华武术是先民们在探讨强身健体、延年益寿问题的实践中,形成的一套完整的养生理论和方法,是中国最宝贵的养生文化。