How Haptics and Drawing Enhance the Learning of Anatomy

Students’ engagement with two-dimensional (2D) representations as opposed to three-dimensional (3D) representations of anatomy such as in dissection, is significant in terms of the depth of their comprehension. This qualitative study aimed to understand how students learned anatomy using observational and drawing activities that included touch, called haptics. Five volunteer second year medical students at the University of Cape Town participated in a six-day educational intervention in which a novel “haptico-visual observation and drawing” (HVOD) method was employed. Data were collected through individual interviews as well as a focus group discussion. The HVOD method was successfully applied by all the participants, who reported an improvement of their cognitive understanding and memorization of the 3D form of the anatomical part. All the five participants described the development of a “mental picture” of the object as being central to “deep learning.” The use of the haptic senses coupled with the simultaneous act of drawing enrolled sources of information that were reported by the participants to have enabled better memorization. We postulate that the more sources of information about an object, the greater degree of complexity could be appreciated, and therefore the more clearly it could be captured and memorized. The inclusion of haptics has implications for cadaveric dissection versus non-cadaveric forms of learning. This study was limited by its sample size as well as the bias and position of the researchers, but the sample of five produced a sufficient amount of data to generate a conceptual model and hypothesis.     

Neuroanatomy Learning: Augmented Reality vs. Cross-Sections

Neuroanatomy education is a challenging field which could benefit from modern innovations, such as augmented reality (AR) applications. This study investigates the differences on test scores, cognitive load, and motivation after neuroanatomy learning using AR applications or using cross-sections of the brain. Prior to two practical assignments, a pretest (extended matching questions, double-choice questions and a test on cross-sectional anatomy) and a mental rotation test (MRT) were completed. Sex and MRT scores were used to stratify students over the two groups. The two practical assignments were designed to study (1) general brain anatomy and (2) subcortical structures. Subsequently, participants completed a posttest similar to the pretest and a motivational questionnaire. Finally, a focus group interview was conducted to appraise participants’ perceptions. Medical and biomedical students (n = 31); 19 males (61.3%) and 12 females (38.7%), mean age 19.2 ± 1.7 years participated in this experiment. Students who worked with cross-sections (n = 16) showed significantly more improvement on test scores than students who worked with GreyMapp-AR (P = 0.035) (n = 15). Further analysis showed that this difference was primarily caused by significant improvement on the cross-sectional questions. Students in the cross-section group, moreover, experienced a significantly higher germane (P = 0.009) and extraneous cognitive load (P = 0.016) than students in the GreyMapp-AR group. No significant differences were found in motivational scores. To conclude, this study suggests that AR applications can play a role in future anatomy education as an add-on educational tool, especially in learning three-dimensional relations of anatomical structures.     

我国体育专业研究生学位论文20年来的演进

对我国1981～2002年间2162篇体育专业研究生学位论文进行分析，研究体育专业研究生研究课题与方法的变化。体育专业研究生学位论文的选题仍以应用研究为主流，基础研究与开发研究逐渐受到重视：研究方法由实验性与量化为主流的实证主义研究传统转向诠释性与质化的建构主义研究。     

冰雪运动员伤残与医疗保险研究

运用保险学、管理学等基本理论,采用理论分析和调研等方法,借鉴发达国家体育保险的经验,分析了我国体育保险现状,认为冰雪运动员伤残、医疗保险存在缺乏应有的保险理念,缺乏法律、制度、机制上的有力支持,缺乏筹资渠道和专门人才,缺乏市场培育等主要问题;提出了树立尽快建立与完善冰雪运动员伤残、医疗保险体系的保障理念,建立健全相关的政策法规体系,积极培育保险市场、转变体育保险运作模式,积极培养专门的冰雪运动保险人才等对策,为健全我国冰雪运动的伤残、医疗保险体系提供理论参考。     

中国传统“动形养生”文化源流

早在上古时代,我国"动形养生"的思想已萌芽,但"动以养形"的理论始于《吕氏春秋》所记载:"流水不腐,户枢不蠹"。并在养生学长期的发展过程中,逐渐走向成熟,其内涵为:动静结合,形神共养。本文对我国传统动形养生思想的理论源流进行了梳理,尤其对《黄帝内经》之"形神兼养"这一养生观进行了详尽论述。旨在追溯我国传统动形养生文化之源流。     

高校体育专业毕业论文选题情况的调查研究

以唐山师范学院为例收集2006-2009级共4届体育教育专业本科生毕业论文382篇,对论文的选题方向进行分析,同时调查2009级学生选题方式、研究方法以及选题困难原因等情况,针对问题,提出合理建议。     

基于结构方程模型的体育类本科毕业论文质量评审指标研究

结合体育类本科教育的特点,利用结构方程模型（SEM）理论和软件AMOS7.0效应分析,构建了体育类本科毕业论文质量评审指标模型,得到了该模型的4个维度和15个观测指标的标准化负荷系数,从而计算出了各指标的权重系数,该评审指标模型为体育类本科毕业论文质量评审提供了一个新思路.     

体育“三自主”教学对医科大学生体质健康的促进研究

我国传统的体育教学形式忽视了学生的个性特点、身体条件、兴趣爱好、接受能力、运动基础等方面的差异,加之医学院校学习紧、压力大,体育教学效果不太理想。实行“三自主”教学,可以较好地改善这方面的不足,对改善医科大学生体质健康水平,提高他们的体育兴趣,具有较为重要的意义。     

浅析武术养生

文章运用文献资料研究方法,对中华武术和传统养生学进行了分析研究,结果认为：武术作为中国传统体育最主要的运动,融汇了中国传统的道教阴阳学、中医经络学等传统养生学的理论内容。经过两千多年的沉淀,内涵了中华文化的精髓,发展成为既具有技击性,又富有健身性和娱乐欣赏性的一种综合艺术。但其出发点自古以来未曾改变,那就是祛病强身。故此,中华武术是先民们在探讨强身健体、延年益寿问题的实践中,形成的一套完整的养生理论和方法,是中国最宝贵的养生文化。     

2008—2011年我国高校五人制足球研究方法运用分析--以硕士学位论文为例

通过中国知识资源总库对2008—2011年的优秀硕士论文进行总结归纳,从论文科研方法及应用的角度出发,结合理论知识与研究结论,运用文献资料、案例分析等方法,研究发现硕士这一群体研究高校五人制足球的科研现状及体育科研方法的实际应用中存在发文数量少、选题缺乏创新及研究方法单一等问题,本文立足扬弃、不落窠臼,提出了加强科研工作、拓宽研究领域、强化方法的学习等建议,以期为撰写高校五人制足球方向的硕士论文提供依据和参考。