欧洲中世纪大学:历史描述与分析

欧洲中世纪大学是中世纪教育发展最为重要的结果。现代大学起源于中世纪,中世纪的许多传统都对近现代大学的形成和发展有着深远的影响。本文对欧洲中世纪大学的产生及重要影响进行了分析,以期对现代大学的发展和完善起到借鉴作用。     

论欧洲中世纪大学的兴起及影响

欧洲中世纪大学是中世纪教育发展史最为重要的结果,现代大学起源于中世纪,它的许多传统都对近现代大学的形成和发展有着深远的影响.本文对欧洲中世纪大学的产生及它的重要影响进行了分析和介绍,以期指导我们现代大学的发展和完善.     

方法组合：高职教学方法改革新探

中世纪大学讲授、辩论教学法提供了一种教学思路：教学方法组合运用可以达到相对较好的教学效果。这一思路对解决我国目前高职教学中粥少僧多、教学目标模糊、秉承传统、顾此失彼等问题有一定的作用。为此,笔者建议,根据高职培养目标,教学要针对不同的知识采取不同的教学方法组合。     

Non-Feudal Elements of Medieval England Feudal Society

Medieval European feudal society laid the foundation for the development of modern western society and it is also a historic organic body full of complexity and contradiction. Overall research shows that feudalism didn’t have monopoly on medieval England society; the non-feudal elements coexisted with the feudal elements in one united body and occupied an important place in the social structure.     

中古佛典与汉语受事主语句的发展——兼谈佛经翻译影响汉语语法的模式

汉语话题—评论式受事主语句在中古时期出现了一种新的类型,即动词后不再用之来回指受事主语。这类受事主语句在汉译佛典中有较多用例,它的产生和发展一方面是汉语自身的因素所致,另一方面,更重要的则是受到佛经原典语OV结构的影响。文章通过梵汉对勘材料证明了这种影响,并在此基础上分析了佛经翻译这种通过书面语言接触而影响汉语语法发展的基本模式。     

异文选择与词义考释——以中古史书为中心

古籍异文具有重要价值,但也为整理、利用古籍设置了障碍。要对纷繁复杂的异文作出正确的选择,准确考明异文所表示的词的含义是一项重要的基础性工作。本文以中古史书异文为例,从考求古词古义、把握新词新义、明了习语常词、明辨词的假借义、分析字形以求词义五个方面对这一问题作了初步的论述。     

欧洲中世纪大学的迁移及其影响

迁移是中世纪大学为争取自治而采取的有效手段之一,有着多种方式和特点。争取良好的学术环境是大学迁移的主导因素。大学迁移衍生了新大学,促进了知识在欧洲的传播;大学通过迁移形成着自身的制度性力量;大学通过迁移践行了大学自治的理念。     

Communities,Cultures and Conflict in Southern Italy,from the Byzantines to the Angevins*

When the Normans conquered southern Italy and Sicily during the eleventh century, a significant part of the population were Greek-rite Christians (mainly in southern Apulia, Calabria and north-east Sicily) or, on the island of Sicily, Muslims. To begin with, at least, it was very much in the interests of the new rulers to tolerate these groups, and hence the reputation of the Norman kingdom of Sicily for its diversity and multi-culturalism. But over the next two centuries this consensus slowly dissolved, the position of the Greek and Muslim communities weakened, and ultimately both disappeared. However, while with the Greeks much of the pressure for acculturation and Latinisation was unconscious and unintended, and the decline of the Greek rite and contraction of the Graecophone areas were very slow, the Muslims of Sicily were provoked into revolt at the end of the twelfth century, and had been almost entirely eliminated from the island by 1250. It has usually been assumed that most of the Muslims of Sicily were deported to Frederick II’s military colony at Lucera in the Capitanata. Yet when examined closely, this thesis seems improbable, and what happened to the Sicilian Muslims remains an enigma.     

Religion and Popular Rebellion,From the Capuciati to Niklashausen

ABSTRACT

The historiography of pre-modern popular uprisings tends to ascribe a religiose ‘naïveté’ to earlier revolts, placing religion as innately antithetical to popular politics. This article challenges that opposition, and argues that whilst (as Sam Cohn has recently demonstrated) medieval revolts were not by any means all ‘religious' in outlook, leadership or inspiration, those which did involve religious elements can be read more sympathetically and with greater nuance. Focusing particularly on structural similarities between the Drummer of Niklashausen (1476) and the Capuciati (1183), the article argues that longue durée forms of revolt persist, driven by a plebeian reappropriation of certain elements in orthodox religion.     

体育，如何而来：一个文明 史观的考察

摘要：体育认识上的歧义源于缺乏对体育本质属性以及演变进程的深入分析。从文明史的视角对体育历史演变进行初步考察,研究认为：1）体育起源必须厘清其社会条件与本质特征,认为狩猎和原始战争是体育起源的直接动因;2）古希腊体育野蛮与暴力与城邦战争直接关联,中世纪体育呈现为从“再现战争”到“模拟战争”再到“表演战争”的文明化历史进程,中世纪体育为近代体育的兴起打下了坚实的基础。体育文明化凸显了人类内在的文明自觉性;3）尽管体育呈现野蛮与暴力形态,但是体育文明化进程中却创造了辉煌的文明成果。从而深入地探究：体育与人类的理性、体育与人类理想追求、体育与社会文明化等,若干社会元素的融入式的进程,以及体育给我们人类文明带什么。