俄国东正教在哈尔滨的传播及其影响

随着中东铁路的修筑，东正教传入哈尔滨，并在当地得到广泛传播和发展。俄国东正教在哈尔滨活动期间，通过传教布道毒害中国人民，用“基督的福音”为侵略者开拓道路。但是，东正教在哈尔滨的传播过程中，也在一定程度上促进了中俄文化交流。     

试论欧洲中世纪城市学校的兴起及其影响

城市学校是在中世纪后期随着城市经济的发展,为顺应市民生活的需要而创办和发展起来的。以往教会创办的学校由于教授的知识过于贫乏且不切合实际,引起了市民们的不满,因此他们按照自己的职业要求和愿望出发,自发地组织、创办和管理学校。与教会学校所教授的内容不同,城市学校教授的都是与市民生活有密切关系的读、写、算等实用的知识。城市学校的兴起提高了市民们的文化教育水平,为后来的文艺复兴和宗教改革在城市中的兴起奠定了基础。     

A study in semantics in industry today

This paper combines an interactionist perspective with a rules‐based approach for the purpose of analyzing and evaluating organizations. It is suggested that an organization is analogous to a culture and that it can be analyzed by identifying its collectively defined master contract. It may be critiqued by assessing the process by which that master contract is communicated among its members. The organization and its individual members can then be evaluated according to the competence with which members can coorient themselves to the master contract and can coordinate their activities within the constitutive and regulative rules established by the organization. A case study suggests this new approach to organizational communication will be a useful one for communication theory as well as for consultants.     

试析西欧中世纪修女院的条件限制

西欧中世纪，修女院普遍存在两大门槛限制，一是财产限制，二是血统限制，这两大条件限制导致进入修女院的大部分妇女都来自贵族家庭，妇女修道成为一种贵族现象。     

A Pretty Paella: The Alfonsine Cantigas de Santa Maria and their Connexions with Other Repertories

The collection of Cantigas de Santa Maria compiled by Alfonso X (el Sabio) (r. 1221–1284) is a gold mine of musical information; unfortunately, however, much fool's gold has also been found amongst its pages. The CSM have been argued to provide evidence that their music derives from plainchant (thus justifying “churchy” performances) yet also to manifest so many “Arab” traits as to support a “Turkish Delight” style of performance. True, there are occasional substantive links between one or other of these repertories, but these are infrequent and specific rather than numerous and general. A closer, judicious, scrutiny of the Cantigas reveals that they are neither the product of an ecclesiastical nor of an “Arab” kitchen, as it were, but a repertory (and iconography) whose careful examination yields up several surprising secrets, especially when reading between its lines. The CSM are neither fish nor fowl, and the collection contains few, if any, recipes for Lamb Ziryāb or for the Lenten fast. On the contrary, its dishes are, in common with Paella, suorum generis, belonging to a musical cuisine of their own, whose sum is indeed greater than the parts of their manifold influences.     

Ethnic identity maintenance within the Latino-American church: a structuration perspective

The Latino ethnic/immigrant church plays a significant role in maintaining the ethnic identity of its congregants. Through the perspective of structuration theory, this qualitative analysis investigates how the activities of the church impact its members and how an individual might contribute to the cultural structure of the Latino church (i.e., duality of structure). Interviews of 25 pastors from Spanish-speaking congregations in both urban and rural settings in Oregon resulted in several themes including the initial planting of the church, the denominational structure, the emergence of a new multi-ethnic cultural identity, generational differences, and the influence of Spanish.     

体育，如何而来：一个文明 史观的考察

摘要：体育认识上的歧义源于缺乏对体育本质属性以及演变进程的深入分析。从文明史的视角对体育历史演变进行初步考察,研究认为：1）体育起源必须厘清其社会条件与本质特征,认为狩猎和原始战争是体育起源的直接动因;2）古希腊体育野蛮与暴力与城邦战争直接关联,中世纪体育呈现为从“再现战争”到“模拟战争”再到“表演战争”的文明化历史进程,中世纪体育为近代体育的兴起打下了坚实的基础。体育文明化凸显了人类内在的文明自觉性;3）尽管体育呈现野蛮与暴力形态,但是体育文明化进程中却创造了辉煌的文明成果。从而深入地探究：体育与人类的理性、体育与人类理想追求、体育与社会文明化等,若干社会元素的融入式的进程,以及体育给我们人类文明带什么。     

近代美国传教士在华文化活动及客观效果论析

1830年2月,作为第一个被派到中国的美国传教士,裨治文与雅裨理同行到达广州。而后,传教士卫三畏和医生伯驾也先后于1833、1834年来到广州。基于基督教拯救全人类的伟大教义,他们想改变中国人的传统信仰,但传教活动所带来的客观效果却远远超过了他们的主观动机,可以说是收效甚微、事与愿违。     

路德派的教会音乐：一种信仰路径

宗教改革过程中,路德派重视教会音乐,创造出德语众赞歌和康塔塔等新的音乐形式,会众通过同唱参与到音乐和仪式之中.相比于天主教会封闭的拉丁文音乐和仪式,路德派平信徒能够凭借母语,在音乐中感受和表达信仰,民众参与的过程就是教士权力削减的过程.     

在华教会女子大学与民国时期的女性高等教育

西方传教士在中国兴办教会女子大学是促进民国时期女性高等教育发展的重要因素之一。在华教会女子大学为保守落后的中国高等教育输入了新的教育模式,带来了男女平等的教育理念,开创了中国女子高等教育的先河,为中国女性高等教育培养了一大批具有新式知识的专业人才。虽然这一时期教会大学对女性高等教育的发展存有诸多消极影响,但它对妇女解放运动,乃至对中国历史都作出了不可磨灭的贡献。