远程高等教育残疾学员心理健康状况因子分析——以广西广播电视大学为例

为了了解残疾学员在远程高等教育学习环境下的心理健康状况,为今后探索残疾人远程高等教育提供参考依据,文章运用因子分析法中的主成分分析法,对影响残疾学员心理健康的主要因素进行了分析。分析结果认为,残疾学员的心理问题集中体现在自我意识、自我评价、学业情绪、孤独感等方面,学习焦虑问题较突出,不同专业学员总体的心理健康水平存在差异。建议关注课程设置、学习环境与残疾学员心理健康之间的关系。     

Secondary school educational practitioners’ experiences of school attendance problems and interventions to address them: a qualitative study

School attendance problems are associated with a range of adverse consequences, and educational practitioners play a role in identifying and responding to attendance problems. This qualitative study explored educational practitioners’ experiences of working with students with attendance problems and interventions to address them. Focus groups were conducted with sixteen practitioners across three secondary schools. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Attendance problems were considered resource-intensive and emotionally challenging. Practitioners expressed difficulty understanding causes, although individual/family factors were emphasised over school factors. A range of interventions were described, including adaptations to school context and providing emotional support. Views on punitive approaches were mixed. Individualised interventions implemented at the first sign of problems, and a team approach, were considered important. Findings highlight the important role of educational practitioners in identifying attendance problems and implementing interventions. Recommendations include early intervention, team-work, and emotional support for students with, and staff responding to, attendance problems.     

Examining the role of school psychologists as providers of mental and behavioral health services

The school setting represents the most common setting by which youth receive mental and behavioral health (MBH) services (Farmer et al., 2003, Psychiatr Serv, 54, 60–66). Nevertheless, many school psychologists are not providing MBH services despite the high prevalence of need. Additional research is needed to understand factors leading to these deficits, as well as potential solutions to ameliorate these concerns. The current study surveyed 341 school psychologists across seven states and found current ratios are one school psychologist for every 1,500–2,000 students. Study results suggest school psychologists are providing a half to full day of universal, prevention-oriented MBH services each week whereas more targeted, direct services (e.g., individual or small group counseling) are offered 1–4 hr each week. The school psychologist-to-student ratios also demonstrated a statistically significant and inverse association with the provision of targeted MBH services, with higher ratios resulting in fewer MBH services. Respondents provided potential solutions for how to expand the delivery of MBH services within schools, including increased awareness and support among school and district administrators, as well as access to training and professional development related to MBH services.     

Students’ Mental Models of the Internet and Their Didactical Exploitation in Informatics Education

The Internet constitutes a relatively new teaching subject for the Informatics curriculum. Within secondary education, students should develop an understanding of basic Internet concepts as well as Internet skills. For the attainment of these goals it is necessary that they develop adequate mental models of the Internet. That development should be based on the assessment of their initial mental models of the Internet. The purpose of this study was the investigation of the mental models that high school students form of the Internet in the beginning of the Informatics curriculum. The study involved 340 Greek high school students who completed a written questionnaire and a drawing task. The results suggest that students form simplistic, utilitarian rather than structural mental models of the Internet, which would provide them with an adequate explanatory system of what the Internet actually is and the processes underlying its use. The students’ mental models also involve particular misconceptions. The didactical implications of the findings for Informatics education at high school level are considered.     

电影疗法对16例未成年犯心理健康状况的干预

为了探讨电影疗法对未成年犯心理健康状况的影响及适应性,由监狱管教干部根据本研究的要求选派了16名未成年犯,根据电影疗法的选片原则选择4部适合未成年犯的心理影片,进行历时一个月共9次的团体辅导。采用抑郁自评量表（SDS）、自我接纳问卷（SAQ）、自尊量表（SES）进行评价。结果显示：团体成员在抑郁、自我接纳、自尊三个方面都有显著的改善,差异均有统计学意义。开放式访谈显示未成年犯对电影疗法怀有强烈的好奇心,均不同程度表示从中获得心灵的震撼。所以,电影疗法对促进未成年犯团体成员心理健康有一定作用,可进一步推广和验证其疗效。     

师范大学生体育锻炼现状及对心理健康的影响

采用<大学生体育锻炼状况调查问卷>、<心境量表(POMS)>、<大学生压力反应测量问卷>和<大学生心理健康诊断量表>对1 354名师范大学在读本科生进行调查.结果发现:师范大学生经常锻炼群体的总体情绪状态比非经常锻炼群体的情绪状态好,呈显著性差异;在"精力"、"自尊"这两个积极情绪纬度得分高于非经常锻炼群体,且呈非常显著性差异;在"紧张"、"愤怒"、"疲劳"这3个消极情绪纬度方面得分高于非经常锻炼群体,在"抑郁"、"慌乱"这两个消极情绪纬度方面得分均低于非经常锻炼群体,但无显著性差异.非经常锻炼群体在压力的生理反应、情绪反应、认知反应纬度上的平均得分高于经常锻炼群体,呈非常显著性差异;在压力的行为反应纬度上的平均得分高于经常锻炼群体,但无显著性差异.经常锻炼群体在心理健康水平得分高于非经常锻炼群体,呈非常显著性差异.     

高校大学生心理健康教育工作制度建设探析

高校大学生心理健康教育工作制度亟待健全，加强大学生心理健康教育制度建设刻不容缓。建立和完善大学生心理健康教育机构及其组织、管理规章制度等是健全工作制度的基础；建立和完善统一的大学生心理健康教育、教学纲要和学校心理咨询工作的规程是健全工作制度的关键。     

Risk and protective factors for mental health in elite athletes: a scoping review

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this scoping review was to provide an overview of studies concerning the mental health (MH) of elite athletes and to provide a methodological, conceptual, and applied overview of factors affecting elite athletes’ MH. A total of nine reviews and 43 empirical studies were evaluated and are reported in three sections: sample characteristics, research design, and factors affecting elite athletes’ MH. These factors were grouped into risk and protective factors and divided into a personal and sport-environmental domain. The studies used quantitative (84%), qualitative (11%), and mixed-method (5%) designs and examined a wide range of sports in different countries. Our review shows that researchers have predominantly examined the prevalence of athletes’ mental ill-health (e.g. depression) and the related factors compromising MH. Potential protective factors such as the feeling of autonomy, positive relations in sport and private life, and adequate recovery were highlighted in the qualitative studies. The discussion appraises the findings through a critical lens, focuses on the current state of the research area and the MH definition, limitations, suggested practical implications (e.g. to provide MH literacy to both athletes and coaches), and future research directions (e.g. examining environments that foster elite athletes’ MH).     

男子少儿体操运动员竞赛期的心理指导

男子少儿体操运动员在竞赛期的心理特点与成年运动员有明显差异，根据这些特点对他们进行心理指导，有助于他们在比赛中正常地发挥水平和形成良好的比赛心理状态。     

司马迁创作心理刍论

从创作心理学的角度考察,司马迁创作《史记》的创作心理主要表现在:司马迁在创作中始终处于理性思辨与激情冲动交变的状态;作者将其强烈的功名心理处处显露于对历史人物的选择与刻画之中;《史记》在体现作者高度的实录精神同时,又鲜明地展示了作者主动以艺术家心态著史的特征。《史记》是司马迁伟大人格和人生价值的明证,堪称社会史诗与心灵史的完美结合。