产业集聚对出口贸易的影响研究——基于湖南省冶金及金属制品产业的实证分析

产业集聚作为一种空间地理特征,对于一国或地区的对外贸易与经济增长具有重要影响。以湖南省冶金及金属制品产业出口贸易与产业集聚的状况为例,实证分析产业集聚对出口贸易的影响,研究结果表明,从长期来看,湖南省冶金及金属制品产业出口贸易与产业集聚之间存在着长期稳定的关系,产业集聚有效促进了出口贸易的增长,且集聚规模每增长1%,出口规模增长0.41%。     

山海经、生命智力学与藏羚羊四肢上的氧气囊

帝禹时代的国土资源考察白皮书《山海经.五藏山经》记述有一种尾部有窍口的类似麋鹿的奇异动物＂罴＂,它很可能就是藏羚羊。因为藏羚羊的四肢上部各有一个气囊,后肢气囊的窍口就在尾部。藏羚羊四肢气囊的功能是储存额外的氧气,以供藏羚羊在空气稀薄的青藏高原快速长距离奔跑时对氧气的需求。关于藏羚羊四肢氧气囊的形成原理,达尔文的＂随机微变＋自然选择＂无法解释,而生命智力学暨智因进化论却可以给予充分地解释。目前中国学术界、科学界存在着把批评达尔文、超越达尔文的科学研究视为禁区的潜规则。破除这种潜规则,为中国人的自主原始理论创新开绿灯,有助于中国国家软实力的提高。     

大学有机化学实验教学改革的探索

针对有机实验现有教材的不足,从改革实验教学内容方面对有机化学实验教学进行改革。新的实验分成基本操作实验、多步骤有机合成实验和综合性实验三部分内容,突出完整性、绿色性、实践性的特点。通过教学改革,不但顺利完成教学大纲规定的教学要求,而且全面提高学生的实验操作技术,培养学生的创新能力和科研分析能力。     

土壤金属污染源的定位研究

对某城市工业区土壤汞（Hg）、镉（Cd）、铅（Pb）、砷（As）、铜（Cu）、铬（Cr）、镍（Ni）、锌（Zn）八种重金属元素含量的数据进行统计分析,研究了它们的分布特征．定义了一个随机变量X表示采样点状态,它描述了各金属浓度在该采样点所占比例,具有分布P（X=i）=xiμg／1g=Pi．给出了自然区的熵H=-∑Pil...     

本科有机化学实验教学评价方法探索

为了客观地评定学生有机化学实验成绩,探索新的有机化学实验量化评价方法,采用"全程监控"加期末抽查评定法对学生进行全面评价,实践结果表明,本方法对促进实验教学质量的提高具有重要意义.     

发现新型环境有机污染物的基本理论与方法

20世纪以来化学污染物导致的人类健康危害日益突出,数以万计的高生产量化学品伴随着生产和使用进入环境介质,给环境科学相关领域研究提出了若干新的科学问题。文章介绍了发现新型有机污染物研究方向设立的背景和科学意义,讨论了判别新型有机污染物分子结构、环境行为特征的基本原则,阐述了定量结构—性质关系模型预测、疑似目标/非目标分析、效应导向分析方法框架的技术思路和优势。对于新型有机污染物识别、行为和效应的深入探索,将为引领学科方向发展、完善化学品风险评估标准、揭示环境污染物的毒性和健康危害机制发挥重要的支撑作用。     

面向区域新业态的地方高校金属材料工程专业改造升级路径研究

本文从适应地方新业态的金属材料工程专业改造和升级路径出发,探索对接产业需求的人才培养模式,形成与信息技术深度融合兼有学科交叉特点的课程体系,探索具有新工科特色的专业人才培养质量评价体系,以期实现地方应用型高校传统工科专业的改造升级和跨越式发展。     

Enabling Mg metal anodes rechargeable in conventional electrolytes by fast ionic transport interphase

Rechargeable magnesium batteries have received extensive attention as the Mg anodes possess twice the volumetric capacity of their lithium counterparts and are dendrite-free. However, Mg anodes suffer from surface passivation film in most glyme-based conventional electrolytes, leading to irreversible plating/stripping behavior of Mg. Here we report a facile and safe method to obtain a modified Mg metal anode with a Sn-based artificial layer via ion-exchange and alloying reactions. In the artificial coating layer, Mg₂Sn alloy composites offer a channel for fast ion transport and insulating MgCl₂/SnCl₂ bestows the necessary potential gradient to prevent deposition on the surface. Significant improved ion conductivity of the solid electrolyte interfaces and decreased overpotential of Mg symmetric cells in Mg(TFSI)₂/DME electrolyte are obtained. The coated Mg anodes can sustain a stable plating/stripping process over 4000 cycles at a high current density of 6 mA cm⁻². This finding provides an avenue to facilitate fast ion diffusion kinetics of Mg metal anodes in conventional electrolytes.     

A highly alkaline-stable metal oxide@metal–organic framework composite for high-performance electrochemical energy storage

Most metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) hardly maintain their physical and chemical properties after exposure to alkaline aqueous solutions, thus precluding their use as potential electrode materials for electrochemical energy storage devices. Here, we present the design and synthesis of a highly alkaline-stable metal oxide@MOF composite, Co₃O₄ nanocube@Co-MOF (Co₃O₄@Co-MOF), via a controllable and facile one-pot hydrothermal method under highly alkaline conditions. The obtained composite possesses exceptional alkaline stability, retaining its original structure in 3.0 M KOH for at least 15 days. Benefitting from the exceptional alkaline stability, unique structure, and larger surface area, the Co₃O₄@Co-MOF composite shows a specific capacitance as high as 1020 F g⁻¹ at 0.5 A  g⁻¹ and a high cycling stability with only 3.3% decay after 5000 cycles at 5 A g⁻¹. The as-constructed solid-state flexible device exhibits a maximum energy density of 21.6 mWh cm⁻³.     

Encapsulating metal organic framework into hollow mesoporous carbon sphere as efficient oxygen bifunctional electrocatalyst

Applying metal organic frameworks (MOFs) in electrochemical systems is a currently emerging field owing to the rich metal nodes and highly specific surface area of MOFs. However, the problems for MOFs that need to be solved urgently are poor electrical conductivity and low ion transport. Here we present a facile in situ growth method for the rational synthesis of MOFs@hollow mesoporous carbon spheres (HMCS) yolk–shell-structured hybrid material for the first time. The size of the encapsulated Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-67 (ZIF-67) is well controlled to 100 nm due to the spatial confinement effect of HMCS, and the electrical conductivity of ZIF-67 is also increased significantly. The ZIF@HMCS-25% hybrid material obtained exhibits a highly efficient oxygen reduction reaction activity with 0.823 V (vs. reversible hydrogen electrode) half-wave potential and an even higher kinetic current density (J_K = 13.8 mA cm⁻²) than commercial Pt/C. ZIF@HMCS-25% also displays excellent oxygen evolution reaction performance and the overpotential of ZIF@HMCS-25% at 10 mA cm⁻² is 407 mV. In addition, ZIF@HMCS-25% is further employed as an air electrode for a rechargeable Zn–air battery, exhibiting a high power density (120.2 mW cm⁻² at 171.4 mA cm⁻²) and long-term charge/discharge stability (80 h at 5 mA cm⁻²). This MOFs@HMCS yolk–shell design provides a versatile method for the application of MOFs as electrocatalysts directly.