新疆棉花主产区地膜回收对农户利润的影响

农户是农业生产经营的微观主体,科学测定地膜回收的经济效益对于提高其地膜回收的积极性具有重要意义。文章基于新疆棉花主产区591户农户调查数据,运用倾向值匹配法测算了地膜回收的增产效果,进一步结合当前的成本投入情况分析了地膜回收对农户利润的影响。研究结果表明：①农户地膜回收决策受户主身体健康状况、宣传力度、惩罚力度、地膜回收补贴、农田地膜污染程度和农户污染治理主体责任认知等因素的显著影响;②考虑样本农户自选择和内生性问题后,地膜回收使农户亩均籽棉产量平均提高了12.49 kg,这一平均处理效应远低于现有的自然科学试验结果;③在当前棉花价格下和回收补贴政策下,地膜回收能够增加农户净利润,但地膜回收机械使用成本和补贴额度对农户新增利润影响较大。在此基础上,文章从完善地膜回收的约束型政策规制、激励型政策规制和地膜回收体系3个方面提出相应的政策建议。     

过碳酸钠和卜公茶皂素对竹原棉混纺针织物漂白效果的分析

为使竹原佛针织物在漂白工艺中实现“节能减排”、“清洁生产”、“绿色环保”,探讨了竹原,棉针织物用过碳酸钠与卜公茶皂素漂白的漂白原理,选取竹原／棉针织物的白度、毛细管效应和强力为研究对象,以过碳酸钠与卜公茶皂素为漂白剂,通过浸渍工艺分别对其进行漂白,对其性能指标进行了一系列的测试．结果表明：卜公茶皂素对竹原／棉针织物的漂白效果优于过碳酸钠,卜公茶皂素漂白工艺温和,符合国际上倡导的“节能减排”、“清洁生产”、“绿色环保”的产业发展政策,可实现人类社会的低碳生活．     

46例幽门螺杆菌相关性十二指肠溃疡治疗分析

对４６例幽门螺杆菌相关性十二指肠溃疡给予羟氨苄青霉素、灵滴灵、痢特灵以及雷尼替丁联合治疗，观察６个月，溃疡愈合率达８４．７％，幽门螺杆菌根除率７３．９％，幽门螺杆菌根除组溃疡愈合率９４．１％，明显视于未消除组。     

棉花区试品种的数量性状因子分析与聚类分析及综合评价

为对棉花区试品种进行聚类分析与综合评价,将参加新疆自治区2008年棉花品种区试（早中熟2组）的11个品种包括早熟性、产量因素和纤维品质共17个数量性状进行因子分析.结果表明：前6个公因子对所考察性状总变异的累计方差贡献率达93.42%,反映了所考察性状绝大部分变异信息.根据各品种在各公因子上的得分值,以各因子对总变异的贡献率为权重,计算各品种的综合得分并排序,列前3名的依次为40428,THK-331,锦科255,它们高产优质,综合表现突出.据各品种在各公因子上的得分将11个供试品种从早熟、产量和品质的差异聚为4大类.第Ⅰ类有THK-331、40428、K-263、锦科255共4个品种,属较高产、中上质类品种;第Ⅱ类含99-6、M2、中49（CK）3个品种,为中高产量、中质类品种;第Ⅲ类有康地3052和99-9两个品种,为中产量、中下质类品种;第Ⅳ含X11006和9816两个品种,属高产、较优质类品种,并指出各类品种的主要产量与品质性状改良目标.综合评价结果与各品种的实际表现基本吻合.     

A suppressed gene in integument cells of a fiberless seed mutant in upland cotton

A fiberless seed mutant (fl) was identified in a commercial cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) variety Xu-Zhou 142 (FL). This phenotype is associated with lack of fiber cell initiation in the outer integument of the ovule, as was characterized by analysis of genes related to fiber differentiation and development. Two genes, fl-E6 and FL-E6, were cloned from fl-integument cells and FL-fiber or integument cells, respectively. Compared with FL-E6, fl-E6 showed a dramatic change in nucleotide sequence: (1) FL-E6 contained a tandem repetitive sequence in which GGCTCA (Gly-Ser) is repeated five times between the 82nd and the 93rd codon from the first ATG codon, while in fl-E6 the same sequence is repeated four times; (2) The fl-E6 gene encodes a polypeptide of 241 amino acids but lacks two codons between the 90th and 93rd codon and three between the 171st and 174th relative to FL-E6; (3) There are also 12 nucleotide substitutions which would result in 7 amino acid differences between fl-E6 and FL-E6. Analysis of RT-PCR and Northerm Blot showed that expression of the fl-E6 gene is suppressed in the fl-integument cells, but highly expressed in FL-fiber cells. The difference between fl-E6 and FL-E6 may be associated with lower expression of fl-E6 in the fl-integument cells. Searches of protein databases with the FL-E6 gene sequence showed similarity to the protein backbones of two arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs), one from the filtrate of suspension-cultured cells ofPyrus cornmunis (AGPPc2) and the other fromNicotiana alata (AGPNa2). Although the function of the FL-E6 protein in differentiation and development of cotton fiber cells is not known, the data indicate that the mutation of fl-E6 gene from FL-E6 gene may inhibit the fiber cell initiation from epidermal cells of the outer integument of the ovule. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 39770473 and 30170058), National Program of Plant Gene Transfer (J00-B-002-10), National High Technology Research and Development (863) Program of China (No. 2001AA212081), and Research Program of Ministry of Education of China (No. 0114)     

农科类应用型本科人才培养模式的改革策略——以棉花实验班为例

对棉花实验班在课程体系建设、“理论实践一体化”教学模式、师资队伍建设等方面进行改革与探索,构建应用型农科人才培养模式。棉花实验班四年的改革实践表明,通过建立专门管理机构,以理论教学为基础,实践教学为方法,以锻炼学生的实践能力为目标,实行“理论实践一体化”课程的应用,建立“理论实践一体化”教学体系,实现教学模式创新;加强校院、校企合作力度,形成多方协同育人机制;加强实践平台建设,培养学生具有更强的实践能力和创新能力;加强师资队伍建设,提升教师的教学水平和科研能力。总结了棉花实验班人才培养模式的改革措施,以期为农科类本科人才培养模式改革提供借鉴。     

近代云贵区域棉纱市场分析

通过对近代云贵区域棉纱市场发育的分析,了解市场发育的经济环境及市场发育的进程,探讨推动区域市场一体化、实现区域经济协调发展的根本因素与途径。     

甲硝唑棒治疗牙周炎的临床观察

为观察新剂型甲硝唑棒治疗牙周炎的临床疗效和药物不良反应 ,以甲硝唑棒为试验组与甲硝唑口服组进行对照比较 ,结果二组间综合疗效评估有效率无显著差异 ,显效率甲硝唑棒组高于对照组 ,而药物不良反应的发生率对照组明显大于试验组     

棉花微机辅助决策施肥技术探索

该文提出了棉花微机辅助决策施肥的主要技术措施 ,并对微机决策施肥效果进行了分析。认为此项技术对节约成本 ,提高单产 ,增加总产和提高经济效果均具有明显的促进作用。