An update on the status of anatomical sciences education in United States medical schools

Curricular changes continue at United States medical schools and directors of gross anatomy, microscopic anatomy, neuroscience/neuroanatomy, and embryology courses continue to adjust and modify their offerings. Developing and supplying data related to current trends in anatomical sciences education is important if informed decisions are going to be made in a time of curricular and course revision. Thus, a survey was sent to course directors during the 2012–2013 academic years to gather information on total course hours, lecture and laboratory hours, the type of laboratory experiences, testing and competency evaluation, and the type of curricular approach used at their institution. The data gathered were compared to information obtained from previous surveys and conclusions reached were that only small or no change was observed in total course, lecture and laboratory hours in all four courses; more gross anatomy courses were part of an integrated curriculum since the previous survey; virtual microscopy with and without microscopes was the primary laboratory activity in microscopic anatomy courses; and neuroscience/neuroanatomy and embryology courses were unchanged. Anat Sci Educ 7: 321–325. © 2014 American Association of Anatomists.     

Decreased sympathetic cardiovascular influences and hormone-physiological changes in response to Covid-19-related adaptations under different learning environments

To examine the implications of the transition from face-to-face to online learning from a psychobiological perspective, this study investigated potential differences in physiological stress parameters of students engaged in online or face-to-face learning and determined whether these can be identified as possible mediators between learning experience and achievement emotions. In a randomized experimental field study, medical students (n = 82) attended either regular face-to-face classes of the microscopic anatomy course or the same practical course online using Zoom videoconferencing platform. The present study investigated Heart Rate Variability (HRV) and salivary cortisol concentration as stress correlates, within the contexts of online and face-to-face learning and compared these parameters with a control group that was measured at rest. Additionally, participants completed a standardized questionnaire about their experienced emotions in relation to task achievement and subjective stress levels. A significant reduction in HRV was found in face-to-face learning, suggesting stronger stress responses in the face-to-face learning environment (η² = 0.421, P < 0.001). Furthermore, participants engaged in face-to-face learning showed significantly higher cortisol concentrations (η² = 0.115, P = 0.032). Additionally, increased sympathetic activation correlated with the discrete positive emotion of enjoyment exclusively within the face-to-face condition (r = 0.365, P = 0.043). These results indicate that the transfer of a face-to-face practical course in microscopic anatomy to an online learning environment is associated with decreased sympathetic and enhanced vagal cardiovascular influences, together with lower cortisol concentrations in healthy medical students.     

活性污泥微型动物观察的应用

分析了活性污泥中微型动物的种类和基本特征,阐述了微型动物显微镜观察计数的方法,说明了掌握活性污泥中主要微型动物种类和数量动态变化的作用。     

基于专利的技术融合测度方法——以信息技术与电动汽车技术的融合为例

现代科技的发展使得信息与其它技术组成的技术群落及各技术群落之间相互联系、渗透不断加强,出现了各种技术的交叉融合。如果能及早发现这些技术领域间目前的融合状态及其融合趋势,将会对我国在相关技术方面的优先研发制定发展战略产生重大意义。为解决这个问题提出了一个定量测量技术融合的框架,该框架以专利数据为依据,通过对技术融合的宏观和微观相结合来确定融合的现状,其中微观分析中主要针对技术融合所形成网络的节点以及链路进行测度。最后以德温特数据库中纯电动汽车技术和信息技术的融合为实例对其进行验证。针对实例研究,结果表明G06F（电数字数据处理）、B60L（电动车辆的电力装备或动力装置）、H02J（电能存储系统）等技术与其它技术比较容易发生融合且融合能力较强。G06F-B60W,G05F-H02M等技术对的融合在技术融合中起到了较重要的作用,且其融合强度质量均较高。     

基于微观空间行为视角的中小城市免费公园游憩者分类研究

小尺度空间范围的游憩地理环境与人们的日常生活息息相关。该文以中小城市免费公园游憩者空间行为为研究对象,以湖南省衡阳市雁峰公园为案例研究区域,分析了基于微观空间的中小城市免费公园游憩者的空间行为,并尝试构建游憩者分类体系。研究结果表明,游憩者在中小城市免费公园这个微观空间尺度上的游憩点、线、面上的空间行为存在较大差异。基于这种差异,可将免费公园游憩者分为不同类型,该分类体系与常见的基于游憩目的分类体系存在显著差异。该研究在理论层面上是游憩行为学与游憩地理学中游憩者分类体系的积极探索,实践层面上可为中小城市免费公园科学规划游憩空间、游憩者空间行为管理以及提高游憩者体验质量等提供参考。     

量子非定域性的因果关系与μ率性分析

量子理念是非因果关系和非μ率性问题,一直是物理学家和哲学家争论的焦点.文章在对量子非定域的内涵与外延论述的基础上,对微观领域的因果关系和μ率性进行了分析,分析认为,在有效相干时间内,客观实在具有非定域性的因果律和μ率性,在非相干时间内,转化为相对论定域性原则下的因果律和H率性.     

体育课程实施的策略

从不同层面分析,体育课程实施可分为宏观策略、中观策略和微观策略。从宏观层面看,我国体育课程的实施应该在继续坚持自上而下策略和忠实取向主流地位的基础上,适当发挥其它策略和价值取向的补充作用;从中观层面看,要强调体育课程在促进学生体能发展与技能提高方面的实际效果,要注重同时发挥体育课和课外体育活动的作用;从微观层面看,要关注各地区、各学校课程情境的差异,要做到因地制宜、因材施教。     

Relationship of glass forming ability and local structural properties of liquid Cu-Zr alloys

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed to investigate the glass forming ability (GFA) and microscopic structural properties of liquid Cu-Zr alloys. Based on the analysis of composition dependences of the reduced glass transition temperatures and the excess volume, we found that the Cu-Zr glasses have the largest GFA at Cu65Zr35 composition. To get more detailed information of local structure, we calculated the pair correlation functions, partial pair correlation functions, the excess entropy, chemical order parameter, coordination number, and Voronoi index of Cu-Zr liquids. We found that there exists an obvious and close relationship among the GFA, the excess entropy calculated using the total pair correlation functions, chemical order parameters, and some Cu centered cluster with Voronoi index <0,2,8,1> and Zr centered cluster with Voronoi index <0,3,6,4>, which all have nonlinear dependences on Cu/Zr concentration and have extreme values at liquid Cu65Zr35 composition.     

微观和宏观两客体物理性的统一律——量变质变规律

宏观体和微观体是客观事物的两种基本形式,它们是以质相区别,以量相联系。本文探索和给出了两客体间的数值界定式,即两者联系的判定式。     

贯叶连翘的研究进展与可持续发展对策

贯叶连翘除作为传统的中药材入药外 ,它的活性成分在治疗抑郁症、肝炎和艾滋病以及抗癌等方面具重要的利用前景而被广泛关注 .本文综述了贯叶连翘的生药显微鉴定特征、有效成分的研究、药理和临床试验等方面的研究进展 .同时探讨了可持续发展的对策 .