二战后初期美国大规模对外经济援助之原因

大规模对外经济援助构成二战后初期（1945－1960年）美国外交活动极其重要的内容和特色。空前强大的综合国因,重建世界经济秩序的紧迫课题,国际政治领域出现的所谓“权力真空”以及大杂烩式的意识形态膨胀是这一时期美国实施大规模对外经济援助的基本原因。     

Petroleum systems in the Damintun Depression, Liaohe Oilfield

There are two different types of oils—high-wax oil and normal oil—found in the Damintun Depression of Liaohe Oilfield after several years of exploration and development, but their distributions and origins had confused the explorers in the oilfield. The introduction of petroleum-system concept shifts the view of geoscientists from geology and geophysics to oil, gas and their related source rocks. After detailed study, two petroleum systems have been identified in the Damintun Depression: (1) the ES42-Ar buried hill petroleum system (called the high-wax oil petroleum system) and (2) the ES41 ES34-ES4 and ES3 petroleum system (called the normal oil petroleum system). Based on the detailed analysis of the basic components, and all the geological processes required to create these elements of the two petroleum systems, it is put forward that targets for future exploration should include the area near Dongshenpu-Xinglongpu and the area near the Anfutun Sag. This provides scientific basis and has theoretical and practical meaning for the exploration and development.     

动作技能顺势正迁移和视错觉原理在跨栏跑技术教学中的运用

在跨栏跑技术的教学中，应用“视错觉”原理的过栏练习方法，能逐步地消除学生在过栏练习中的恐惧心理；通过“跑跨”动作技术协调一体化的练习方法，能使跑跨动作技能产生顺势正迁移的效果，从而能使学生快速而正确地学习和掌握跨栏跑动作技术。     

宋明诗学的流变与王夫之诗学的理论品格

宋代主流诗学是以理性为基点建立起来的，逻辑、知识在其中扮演了重要角色。以自然科学和思辨哲学的长足进展为前提，宋人保持和发展了对“理”的持续不已的兴趣。所谓“理”，可以分解为三个层面：思想、日常情理和与之相关的表达方式。与宋人推崇理性有别，明代主流诗学关注的则是有关诗歌创作的经验。七子派相信，汉魏和盛唐的艺术实践完美地遵循了某种艺术法则，后人如果想揭示或制订规则，就必须具体地考察汉魏古诗和盛唐律诗，从中发现秩序并遵循这种秩序。王夫之在宋、明之后建立他的诗学体系，其理论思维首先着眼于宋、明主流诗学的失误。王夫之推崇审美直觉，不承认我们非得在理性原则和经验规则中二择一不可；他致力于克服理性原则和经验规则的冲突，并把审美直觉置于超越这种冲突的优越地位。王夫之郑重地将佛学的“现量”概念引进诗学领域，表明他对感受的直接性异常重视。     

美国侵权法改革述评

论文分析了美国侵权法改革的原因,说明了其改革内容,并对其改革进行了评价。     

彩虹形成的光学原理及散射角的推导

本文用光路图来解释彩虹形成的光学原理,用数学方法推导出主虹及次虹的散射角,并用散射角解释彩虹所在的位置。     

制约高等职业教育发展的主要原因及对策

经济发展，社会进步需要高等职业技术教育．目前高等职业技术教育发展过程中存在的许多问题已经严重制约了我国高等职业技术教育的进一步发展．本文对制约我国高等职业技术教育发展的主要原因进行了认真的分析，并提出了一些应对策略．     

In-betweenness in moving images: six experimental tactics of video-ethnography to narrate South Asian immigrant girls’ subjectivities

ABSTRACT

After exploring the interactions between moving image-based art practices and anthropology in recent decades, and the permeable membranes in ethnographic research, we will describe six tactics of video-ethnography used to create experimental narratives with a group of South Asian immigrant girls. Positioned in feminist critical poststructuralism, postcolonial theory and film theory, the research gives visibility to how the participants construct their identities when attending secondary school in Catalonia. Learning from artists like Ursula Biemann and Trinh T. Minh-ha, we have experimented with visual modes of producing cultural knowledge, with the aim of narrating migrant subjectivities and difference through moving images. Specifically, we focus on the production of stories through video-ethnographic research, based on the contributions of Michel de Certeau, who describes tactics as mobile, situated and fluid. In the end, this video-ethnographic research has experimented with reflexivity, ‘facing’, re-framing, in-betweenness, the interval, and spectatorship as tactics of narrating ‘otherness’     

Literacy,power and practices: taking a discourse-ethnographic approach to exploring adult literacy practices in Pakistan and the UK

ABSTRACT

The framework for this paper takes its central orientation from the New Literacy Studies (NLS) body of research which focuses on the analysis of texts and practices rather than the skills-oriented perspective of large-scale quantitative studies. In this paper, these are the texts of everyday life and the literacy practices of adult migrants before and after their migrations. Barton and Hamilton (2000) claim that practices are neither accidental nor random but are given their structure by institutions. This includes social institutions, such as the family, education and religion, and includes those institutions which are formally structured through rules and procedures, such as schools. The analysis in this paper focuses on the sponsorship of literacy in Pakistan prior to one adult’s migration and the ways in which these literacies are taken up after migration to the UK. The contribution of this paper to the field of adult literacy is the multi-disciplinary methodological framework it presents for analysing the socio-political influences which shape the accessibility of literacy, accessibility which is taken for granted in large scale surveys which measure literacy skills. To do this, I combine work using the Discourse Historical Approach in Critical Discourse Studies (Wodak 2011) with the literacy practices approach set out above to explore how one Mirpuri family deploy their multilingual literacy resources.     

Exploring the role of migrants in transnational occupational learning processes in Estonia-Finland space

The aim of the study was to examine the role of migrants in cross-border learning in occupational contexts. The research data included 78 semi-structured and 20 life-course interviews with people who had migrated from Estonia to Finland or who were transmigrating between these countries. The interview data were analysed qualitatively through a combination of data-based and theory-guided content analysis. The results showed how the migrants had engaged in transnational brokering and boundary encounters between work communities across national borders. Transnational brokering had involved introducing new work techniques, clarifying organizational cultures, conveying best practices and explaining local work requirements and communication styles. These transnational brokers had supported the processes of perspective making and perspective taking by explaining local work practices and, more broadly, mind-sets to non-migrants both in the host society and in their country of origin. Theoretical concepts from situated learning theory and transnational migration studies were applied in the analysis. The study provides a new perspective through which to examine international and multicultural work environments and the transformation processes related to the increasing cross-border mobility of labour.