历史学功用论研究

历史学家有关历史学功用的论述,一般集中于“求用”和“求真”两个方面。“求用”指政治借鉴,教育民众;“求真”即探究史实真相,揭示历史规律。现实社会中运用历史规律,因脱离了具体的历史背景,历史规律往往与现实不符,“求用”功用面临困境。以过去为研究对象的历史学,因时空差异,无法全面揭示真相,“求真”功用饱受质疑。因此,考察历史学的功用应脱离具体的实用层面,转向探究其超现实价值——“历史思维”和“求真精神”。     

Enhancing pedagogical content knowledge in elementary science

In this study, five elementary teachers and a university researcher developed and implemented problem‐based learning (PBL) experiences in the context of science teaching and learning. Collaborative inquiry was adopted as a methodology, while a variety of qualitative methods were used to examine the engagement and development of teachers’ pedagogical content knowledge (PCK). A PCK model is used as a framework to examine teachers’ professional knowledge growth in areas such as orientations to teaching science, knowledge of science curriculum, knowledge of students’ understanding of science, knowledge of assessment, and knowledge of instructional strategies. Implications for how teachers may be supported when adopting instructional innovations are discussed.     

The Use of Newspaper Articles as a Tool to Develop Critical Thinking in Science Classes

The aim of this research is to identify the difficulties experienced by secondary school students (aged 15–16) with the critical reading of newspaper articles with scientific content. Two newspaper critical reading activities in relation to the study of various scientific contents were designed and carried out in two schools (61 students in total), one with a student population from a medium to high social and economic bracket and the other with students from a medium to low social and economic bracket. These activities were designed taking into account the phases of the reading process: before, during and after reading. In order to analyse the difficulties ‘Elements of science critical reading’ were identified on the basis of the ‘Elements of reasoning’ of Paul and Elder and the categories proposed by Bartz C.R.I.T.I.C. questionnaire and a scale was drawn up. The results show that the activities designed were useful in helping students to read critically. We also rated very positively the instrument created to assess the students' answers: the scale based on the performance indicators of Paul and Elder. This instrument enabled us to detect the aspects of critical thinking where students have the most difficulties: identifying the writer's purpose and looking for evidence in a text. It was also shown that the stance taken in the articles also had an influence on the results.     

Longitudinal study of a cooperation-driven,socio-scientific issue intervention on promoting students’ critical thinking and self-regulation in learning science

ABSTRACT

This longitudinal study explored the effects of a Cooperation-driven Socioscientific Issue (CDSSI) intervention on junior high school students' perceptions of critical thinking (CT) and self-regulation (SR) in Taiwan. Forty-nine grade 7 students were randomly selected as an experimental group (EG) to attend a 3-semester 72-hour intervention; while another 49 grade 7 students from the same school were randomly selected as the comparison group (CG). All participants completed a 4-wave student questionnaire to assess their perceptions of CT and SR. In addition, 8 target students from the EG with the lowest scores on either CT or SR were purposefully recruited for weekly observation. These target students and their teachers were interviewed one month after the intervention in each semester. Analyses of covariance and paired-wise t-tests revealed that the EG students' perceptions of CT and SR in learning science were improved during the study and were significantly better than their counterparts' at the end of the study. Systematic interview and classroom observation results were consistent with the quantitative findings. This study adds empirical evidence and provides insights into how CDSSI can be integrated into planning and implementing effective pedagogical strategies aimed at increasing students' perceptions of CT and SR in learning science.     

Conceptual change with refutational maps

ABSTRACT

This study investigated how studying a refutational map, a type of argument map, affected conceptual change. Refutational maps visually display both correct and alternative conceptions. Participants (N?=?120) were randomly assigned to (1) a refutational map condition, (2) a refutational text condition, and (3) a non-refutational text condition. The post-test results showed that studying the refutational map led to better performance on free recall and learning transfer measures. Specifically, participants who studied the refutational map performed significantly better than others on a free recall test, and they significantly outperformed the non-refutational text group on a short-answer transfer test. The multiple-choice test, another transfer measure, failed to detect any differences among the three groups. The research also found that individual differences in need for cognition and logical thinking ability interacted with the type of study materials. Participants scoring lower on logical thinking ability gained more from studying the refutational map.     

“以苏为鉴”：毛泽东探索中国社会主义建设道路的思想方法

毛泽东提出的“以苏为鉴”是贯穿中国社会主义建设探索过程始终的思想方法。“以苏为鉴”关键在于摒弃苏联模式的弊端,重点在于有选择地学习苏联等国的先进经验,主线是探索符合中国国情的社会主义建设道路。毛泽东探索社会主义建设的成果对中国特色社会主义建设道路的开拓、中国特色社会主义理论体系的形成和中国特色社会主义制度的建立都产生了深远的影响。     

论新军事变革对世界和平的影响

世界范围内的新军事变革正对世界和平产生着重大而复杂的影响。深刻地剖析它产生的政治、经济和科技根源，充分、辩证地认识这种新军事变革给世界各国带来的机遇和挑战，对我国在新时期制定正确的国内外策略，进一步维护和促进世界和平与发展，有着重大的意义。     

谈互联网条件下高校思想政治教育功能

《中共中央国务院关于进一步加强和改进大学生思想政治教育的意见》对高校思想政治教育作了科学的定位,也为高校思想政治教育工作指明了方向。思想政治教育的功能是多方面的,如认识功能、导向功能、育人功能等。在互联网条件下要正确认识与理解这些功能,讲究思想政治教育的实效性。     

孔子逻辑思想的中庸价值取向

孔子的逻辑思想有其内在的中庸主义价值取向:“思”具有中庸逻辑发轫基础;“正名”思想具有“中道”认知内涵;推理思想也有其中庸的逻辑基点与精神内核。通过对孔子“思”、“正名”、推类等逻辑思想的中庸基础进行进一步理性刻划,从而将中庸主义作为孔子逻辑思想体系的方法论原则与策略性素质。     

论中国外资法改革的思路

外资法在国际投资自由化和入世的背景下,在本身存在着一定缺陷的前提下,有着其改革的必然性。本文从形式,内容和功能三个方面提出了改革外资法所遵循的思路。