Reconsidering the Character and Role of Inquiry in School Science: Analysis of a Conference

We summarize a conference on scientific inquiry bringing together science educators, cognitive scientists and philosophers of science with three goals:

Substituting SAT II: Subject Tests for SAT I: Reasoning Tests: Impact on Admitted Class Composition and Quality

Using data from a sample of 10 colleges at which most students had taken both SAT I: Reasoning tests and SAT II: Subject tests, we simulated the effects of making selection decisions using SAT II scores in place of SAT I scores. Specifically, we treated the students in each college as forming the applicant pool for a more select college, and then selected the top two thirds (and top one third) of the students using high school grade point average combined with either SAT I scores or the average of SAT II scores. Success rates, in terms of first-year grade point averages, were virtually identical for students selected by the different models. The percentage of African American, Asian American, and White students selected varied only slightly across models. Appreciably more Mexican American and Other Latino students were selected with the model that used SAT II scores in place of SAT I scores because these students submitted subject test scores for the Spanish test on which they had high scores.     

城市大气污染物浓度分布研究

本文利用北京市大气自动监测系统冬季逐时SO_2、CO、NO_x资料研究城市大气污染物浓度分布的一般规律。发现:①不存在一个统一的分布模型;②对数正态分布适用于大部分SO_2和CO资料;③韦伯分布最适于高浓度的SO_2资料;④指数分布不适于城市大气污染物的浓度分布;⑤NO_x的分布较复杂。     

物理模型与股票投资

股票投资的方法很多，建立物理模型进行投资是一种简明有效的方法，使用金字塔模型和平衡理论对股票进行操作，能把握最佳投资机会。     

MRNS-9000型航海雷达模拟器船型编辑功能的开发

船舶操纵模拟器用于航道、港口开发已是当前先进而有效的手段。本文对“海河通航标准研究”课题在MRNS-9000型航海雷达模拟器上所进行的船型拟合工作作了概述,并提出了在航海雷达模拟器上拟合船舶数学模型时所采用的主要依据,即利用船舶操纵性标准、与在航船舶操纵行为密切相关的标准同船舶数学模型进行拟合。目前,此法已成功地用于“海河通航标准研究”这一课题中。同时,作者对船舶航行时受风力影响的问题也提出了看法。     

AI for Science：智能化科学设施变革基础研究

近年来，人工智能（AI）在前沿科技领域取得了诸如AlphaFold2、核聚变智能控制、新冠药物设计等诸多令人瞩目成果，表明AI for Science正在成为一种新的研究范式。实现智能时代的基础科学源头创新及其下游重大技术创新，需破解2个方面的核心问题：（1）如何利用新一代AI（特别是生成式AI及大模型）的通用性和创造性推动新范式的形成；（2）如何利用AI实现对传统科学设施的赋能与改造。文章提出一种智能化科学设施的建设构想，兼顾“高度智能化的科学新设施”和“AI赋能已有科学大设施”2个层面的需求，构筑AI for Science的科学设施体系，形成科学领域大模型、生成式模拟与反演、自主智能无人实验及大规模可信科研协作等创新功能，加速重大科学发现、变革性物质合成，以及重大工程技术应用。     

绘制船舶碰撞运动轨迹的数学模型探讨

根据船舶碰撞事故调查及事故报告中可获得的环境资料和船舶运动过程资料，对建立适用于绘制船舶碰撞发生前运动轨迹的数学模型作了初步探讨。     

高校科技成果转化协同创新模式的广东探索与实践

结合国内成果转化的现状,分析高校成果转化工作存在的问题和制约因素,以高校在广东建设的新型科研机构为样本,探索科技成果转化的协同创新模式,实现成果转化链条上创新要素和资源有效衔接和深度融合,总结经验,为推动高校科技成果有效转化提供有益的借鉴。     

制度作用下大学科研人员产学合作模式选择的扎根研究

通过对大学科研人员的深入访谈,运用扎根理论的研究方法,探索性地构建了对大学科研人员产学合作模式选择产生影响的直接制度和间接制度;研究发现,直接制度在大学科研人员的产学活动中发挥的效应为零,与直接制度相比,间接制度对大学科研人员产学活动的影响更为明显。结果表明政策制定者需要进一步疏通政策的传导机制,强化政策的执行力,进而提高大学科研人员产学合作的积极性。     

A multilevel analysis of late entry in Nigeria

This paper explores how factors operating at the state and community levels are associated with the prevalence of late school enrolment in Nigeria. We investigate the following three research themes. First, whether late entry varies across states and across communities and how much of this variation can be explained by the composition of communities and states. Second, whether community wealth and state wealth are stronger predictors of late entry than household wealth. Third, whether wealth has different effects on the probability of late school entry in different states and in different communities within states. Using the 2010 Nigeria Education Data Survey, and a three-level multilevel logit model, we show that a substantial proportion of the variation in late school entry is explained by community- and state-level factors. We further find that children living in specific communities in Nigeria may face a double disadvantage in terms of on-time school enrolment. In these communities, not only is there a large proportion of children entering school late, but also household wealth has strong effects on the probability that a child is sent to school on on time. These communities could be targeted for educational interventions aimed at promoting on-time school enrolment.