未贴标签、加贴标签与进口禁运--与转基因农产品国际贸易政策选择有关的两个理论模型

为了更为有效地研究转基因农产品的国际贸易问题,更好地构筑和理解我国转基因农产品国际贸易的战略选择,笔者给出了两个基本的理论模型,以说明转基因农产品国际贸易争端发生的潜在原因,并考察我国转基因农产品国际贸易的制度安排。通过对这两个与转基因农产品国际贸易政策选择有关的基本模型的考察分析,可以得出以下结论:一般说来,加贴标签将优于进口禁运,进口禁运将优于未贴标签。     

‘Yes,but . . .’: rhetoric,reality and resistance in teaching assistants' experiences of inclusive education

This research examines the role of teaching assistants (TAs) working with children with special educational needs (SEN) in an increasingly complex and diverse context. The role of the TA has been given more attention recently, partly due to the increased focus on their effectiveness within an inclusive education system in a time of workforce reform. The research takes a life history approach to examining the experiences of TAs within inclusive contexts and focuses upon how their backgrounds impact upon their role within the classroom, as well as how their experiences demonstrate ambiguity, tension and contradictions. Rather than a focus on pupil and institutional outcomes, the article analyses the tensions between the policy and institutional frameworks of inclusion and how TAs experience this. TAs' contradictions, tensions, resistance and also pleasures within their work are explored from their own perspectives. The personal interpretations, understandings and day‐to‐day implementation of inclusion are the focus.     

概率标引模型研究

本文对二值独立性标引模型、DIA模型和2—Poisson模型三种典型的概率标引模型进行了研究,分析了其原理和处理过程,评价了其性能。     

探索科技情报与生产力促进机构联合发展的双赢模式

地市级科技情报机构与生产力促进中心同是区域技术创新务体系的重要组成部分,但是工作各具特色,各有侧重。本文以福州市科技情报所机构改革为例,通过两年多的整合发展,实现了优势互补、资源共享,科技情报与生产力促进事业均得到长足的进步,实践证明这是一种值得借鉴的双赢模式。     

Mixture Simultaneous Factor Analysis for Capturing Differences in Latent Variables Between Higher Level Units of Multilevel Data

Given multivariate data, many research questions pertain to the covariance structure: whether and how the variables (e.g., personality measures) covary. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) is often used to look for latent variables that might explain the covariances among variables; for example, the Big Five personality structure. In the case of multilevel data, one might wonder whether or not the same covariance (factor) structure holds for each so-called data block (containing data of 1 higher level unit). For instance, is the Big Five personality structure found in each country or do cross-cultural differences exist? The well-known multigroup EFA framework falls short in answering such questions, especially for numerous groups or blocks. We introduce mixture simultaneous factor analysis (MSFA), performing a mixture model clustering of data blocks, based on their factor structure. A simulation study shows excellent results with respect to parameter recovery and an empirical example is included to illustrate the value of MSFA.     

基于伽玛分布拉普拉斯变换的随机比较

在已有的几个随机序关系下对两个伽玛变量及其相关变量进行随机比较,考察了两个伽玛变量及其相关变量在这几个随机序下的大小与参数之间的关系.     

Conceptualizations of Creativity: Comparing Theories and Models of Giftedness

This article reviews seven different theories of giftedness that include creativity as a component, comparing and contrasting how each one conceptualizes creativity as a part of giftedness. The functions of creativity vary across the models, suggesting that while the field of gifted education often cites the importance of creativity, the conceptualizations of creativity differ depending on the particular theory. The various models of giftedness can be interpreted from the context of current creativity research because certain elements of these conceptualizations can be found in social models, the evolving systems approach, and the domain-generality debate. An integrative perspective of creativity research reveals that some models of giftedness are more comprehensive and consistent in terms of the creativity literature.     

Early growth trajectories of children's approaches to learning: The contribution of parent and family characteristics

Children's approaches to learning (AtL) has been identified in research and policy as a key domain of children's school readiness. However, relatively little is known about the child and family factors that shape early AtL, how it varies in the general population, or how it develops and changes through the early years of schooling. This exploratory study examined the growth of children's AtL over six occasions spanning kindergarten through second grade in the Early Childhood Longitudinal Survey (ECLS‐K) class of 2010–2011 as predicted by parenting and family characteristics. Latent classes of AtL growth were identified through growth mixture modeling and regressed onto explanatory covariates to uncover patterns and sources of variation in children's AtL. Results revealed higher and lower AtL growth classes significantly associated with demographic and parenting variables measured in kindergarten. In particular, sex (male) and poverty were associated with lower AtL trajectories, whereas the presence of both biological parents in the household and parent involvement at school and at home predicted membership in the higher AtL group. Implications of these findings for further clarification and exploration of AtL as a construct are discussed.     

改进大规模班级英语课堂教学的思考

本文分析了大规模班级英语授课的弊端,介绍了国外大规模班级外语教学的三种模式,并结合我国大学英语教学实际,提出了改进教学的几点措施.     

Individual Differences and Similarities in the Stability,Timing Consistency,and Natural Frequency of Rhythmic Coordinated Actions

Abstract

Silhouette ratings of actual and ideal body fat (N = 258 high school students) were related to 4 self-concept scales (Body Fat, Physical Appearance, General Physical, Esteem) and objective body composition measures in order to test predictions from actual-ideal discrepancy models. Actual-ideal discrepancy scores were more strongly related to self-concept than actual scores alone, thus supporting the traditional discrepancy model. However, multiple regression analyses demonstrated that more sophisticated actual- ideal discrepancy models that considered discrepancies in either direction (feeling too fat or too thin) did significantly better. Because the traditional discrepancy model is a special case of this more general discrepancy model, the more general model should have broad applicability. Important aspects of this task were (a) that discrepancies were evaluated along a continuum in which the ideal was not one of the endpoints of the continuum, (b) that there was reasonable variation in ideal ratings, and (c) that positive and negative discrepancies were reported.