高尔夫比赛中不良心理状态分析及对策

针对高尔夫比赛中常见的紧张、恐惧、缺乏比赛动力等不良心理状态进行产生原因的分析,并从认知、情感和行为方面提出了相应的解决方法,即合理呼吸、放松、积极暗示和赛前准备行为等。     

对城市与乡镇幼儿园810名3~6岁学龄前儿童感觉统合能力的测试研究

通过对８１０名不同性别、不同地域的３～６岁学龄前儿童感统合能力的测试发现,我国学龄前儿童感觉统合失调的发生具有普遍性,并存在明显的地域、性别、年龄、出生状态以及后天教育差异。建议相关人员高度重视并积极开展儿童感觉统合训练,以期预防和矫正獐感统合失调。     

Exercise but not metformin improves health-related quality of life and mood states in older adults with type 2 diabetes

The aim of this cohort study is to analyse the effect of three types of treatment: (i) exercise training with multicomponent exercise (E); (ii) pharmacologic treatment with oral hypoglycaemic drug – metformin (M); and (iii) a combined therapy – exercise and metformin (E?+?M) on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and mood states in older adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) with comorbidity in an early stage of the disease. Participants (n?=?284) underwent 1 of the following 3 conditions: (i) E (n?=?59) trained three times/week; (ii) M (n?=?30) used 850?mg of metformin twice daily; and (iii) E?+?M (n?=?195) combined exercise and metformin. Furthermore, participants completed baseline and 2-year follow-up evaluations including a Shortform Health Survey 36, Profile of Mood States – Short-form, the health history questionnaires, anthropometric, and blood biochemistry. E and E?+?M revealed improved mood states, with large effect size on the vigour domain, and moderate effect size in the anger and total mood disturbance (TMD) domains (P?<?0.05), in comparison with the M group. After 24 months’ intervention, the E and E?+?M groups perceived better physical and mental HRQoL than the M group. The M group unchanged HRQoL domains (P?>?0.05). Metformin had no significant effect on the self-referred HRQoL in T2D participants aged above 60 years, in an early stage of the disease. The E and E?+?M were the most effective long-term therapies to improve mood states and HRQoL in older adults with T2D.     

The perpetrators of medical child abuse (Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy) – A systematic review of 796 cases

IntroductionLittle is known about the perpetrators of medical child abuse (MCA) which is often described as “Munchausen’s syndrome by proxy” or “factitious disorder imposed on another”. The demographic and clinical characteristics of these abusers have yet to be described in a sufficiently large sample. We aimed to address this issue through a systematic review of case reports and series in the professional literature.MethodA systematic search for case reports and series published since 1965 was undertaken using MEDLINE, Web of Science and EMBASE. 4100 database records were screened. A supplementary search was then conducted using GoogleScholar and reference lists of eligible studies. Our search yielded a total sample of 796 perpetrators: 309 from case reports and 487 from case series. Information extracted included demographic and clinical characteristics, in addition to methods of abuse and case outcomes.ResultsNearly all abusers were female (97.6%) and the victim’s mother (95.6%). Most were married (75.8%). Mean caretaker age at the child’s presentation was 27.6 years. Perpetrators were frequently reported to be in healthcare-related professions (45.6%), to have had obstetric complications (23.5%), or to have histories of childhood maltreatment (30%). The most common psychiatric diagnoses recorded were factitious disorder imposed on self (30.9%), personality disorder (18.6%), and depression (14.2%).ConclusionsFrom the largest analysis of MCA perpetrators to date, we provide several clinical recommendations. In particular, we urge clinicians to consider mothers with a personal history of childhood maltreatment, obstetric complications, and/or factitious disorder at heightened risk for MCA. Longitudinal studies are required to establish the true prognostic value of these factors as our method may have been vulnerable to publication bias.     

篮球运动员临场不良情绪产生的原因分析及心理训练

对篮球运动员临场比赛时不良情绪产生的主要原因进行了分析，建议运用多项心理训练手段对运动员进行针对性的训练，以提高篮球运动员的心理素质，克服运动员临场时的不良情绪。     

培养学生体育兴趣促进学生身心健康

针对中学体育教学的现状,根据《体育与健康课程标准》结合多年体育教学的实际经验与学生的心理特点,提出了培养学生体育课积极性,增进学生身心健康的有效途径。     

运动员的情绪压力调节方法初探

通过对运动员的情绪压力调节方法的初探,包括：何谓压力及产生的原因、压力调节的方法、压力调节的实施步骤,并进行了分析     

影响跳马落地稳定性心理因素的研究

本文对跳马落地过程中造成落地不稳定的主要心理因素进行了研究,有一定实践指导意义。     

对大学生情绪稳定性和性格倾向与体育课考试成绩关系的研究

从提高教学质量出发,旨在为教师正确指导学生如何调控体育考试的心理状态,正常发挥应有的水平,以及探讨在教学和考试测验中,师生双边关系的最佳结合点,以利于教学质量的提高。作者以593名大学生作为研究对象,分期分批,进行了为期近7年的教学实践和考试实验研究。研究结果表明：情绪稳定性对个体的运动技能及考试成绩的影响关系密切;性格倾向不影响个体的运动能力,但考试成绩表现为性格外向型的平均成绩优于性格内向型的平均成绩,并与运动项目关系密切;教师在考试时,使用不同的考试指导语,创设不同的考试情景氛围,在一定程度上影响着学生的应试情绪及运动技能的发挥。     

运动态度和锻炼坚持性对大学生心理健康的影响

通过简式心境状态剖面图（POMS）中国修订版、SCL-90量表、主观幸福感量表以及自编问卷，考察了北京5所大学566名本科学生在锻炼坚持性和运动态度上对心理健康的影响。结果显示，运动态度在主观幸福感及POMS量表得分上主效应显著；而坚持性在POMS量表和SCL-90量表得分上主效应显著。不喜欢运动且坚持锻炼组的个体在主观幸福感量表上得分更低，而在POMS和SCL-90量表上得分更高。